2/13/ Engineering & Technology Management Group Will We Still Be Talking About Knowledge Management in 2025? Mr. Gerald Steeman, Technical Information TC Library and Information Services Branch Office of the Chief Information Officer NASA Langley Research Center Engineering Technology Management Tracking the Constant of Change Systems Engineering ManagementHistory Society Legal Aspects Economics LogisticsSupply Chain Risk Technical Information Multidiscipline Design Product Development

12/1/2005 Page 2 Engineering & Technology Management Group Engineering Technology Management Tracking the Constant of Change Management History Society Legal Aspects LogisticsSupply Chain Systems Engineering Economics Risk Technical Information Multidiscipline Design Product Development Knowledge and Knowledge Management Explicit and Tacit Knowledge Getting and Defining Value Industry and Government Perspectives Todays Human Capital Drivers – Tomorrows Need For KM The Aerospace Sector: Poised for KM? First Steps Toward the Year 2025 Outline

12/1/2005 Page 3 Engineering & Technology Management Group Engineering Technology Management Tracking the Constant of Change Management History Society Legal Aspects LogisticsSupply Chain Systems Engineering Economics Risk Technical Information Multidiscipline Design Product Development What is Knowledge? Data Information Knowledge Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom Adapted from: Managing by Federal CIO Council Data + Context : Information is data that are organized, grouped, and/or categorized.; Information moves around organizations (Ex: Technical Report outlining data errors and new instrumentation design) = Unorganized Facts ; data are sets of discrete facts; Data reside in a fixed place (Ex: unanalyzed feed from atmospheric instruments) = = Information + Interpretation/ judgment ; Knowledge is familiarity, awareness or understanding gained through experience or study. It results from making comparisons, identifying consequences and making contentions. Knowledge also includes judgment and rules of thumb developed over the time through trial and error (Ex: development of new technology for better data collection ) Wisdom Explicit = formal, documented knowledge recorded on any type of media Tacit = personal know how that is often difficult to articulate in documented form

12/1/2005 Page 4 Engineering & Technology Management Group Engineering Technology Management Tracking the Constant of Change Management History Society Legal Aspects LogisticsSupply Chain Systems Engineering Economics Risk Technical Information Multidiscipline Design Product Development Some Definitions of KM Knowledge management… –…includes not only the acquisition, accumulation, and utilization of existing knowledge, but also the creation of new knowledge (Nonaka & Takeuchi, Knowledge-creating company, 1995) –…is the management discipline that focuses on improving the means by which individual and collectively-held knowledge is produced and integrated in organizations (McElroy, ) –… is getting the right information to the right people at the right time, and helping people create knowledge and share and act upon information in ways that will measurably improve the performance of NASA and its partners. ( KM at NASA)

12/1/2005 Page 5 Engineering & Technology Management Group Engineering Technology Management Tracking the Constant of Change Management History Society Legal Aspects LogisticsSupply Chain Systems Engineering Economics Risk Technical Information Multidiscipline Design Product Development A Short Definition Hire good people and let them talk to each other. Attributed to Larry Prusak Full time Part time Contractor Consultant Rehire Retain Evaluation tools; Matching needs with skills base In person; Groups; Across time and space; Explicit and Tacit Create opportunities; Remove obstacles Diversity of thought; Get hires from different backgrounds All employees, no pre-set groups Employers should commit to what follows the and. Across the organization; cross- fertilization of ideas Talk to not Talk at; Promote exchanges of information and development of ideas

12/1/2005 Page 6 Engineering & Technology Management Group Engineering Technology Management Tracking the Constant of Change Management History Society Legal Aspects LogisticsSupply Chain Systems Engineering Economics Risk Technical Information Multidiscipline Design Product Development Explicit Knowledge Formally documented knowledge –Books, technical reports, journal articles and conferences, proceedings, newspapers, trade publications, standards and specifications, engineering drawings, employee directories, market and financial data, product information Collect FilterAnalyze Knowledge creation process Knowledge JRC

12/1/2005 Page 7 Engineering & Technology Management Group Engineering Technology Management Tracking the Constant of Change Management History Society Legal Aspects LogisticsSupply Chain Systems Engineering Economics Risk Technical Information Multidiscipline Design Product Development Enablers of Explicit Knowledge Growth of InternetSemantic Web TaxonomiesNon-Text Web Search & Retrieval

12/1/2005 Page 8 Engineering & Technology Management Group Engineering Technology Management Tracking the Constant of Change Management History Society Legal Aspects LogisticsSupply Chain Systems Engineering Economics Risk Technical Information Multidiscipline Design Product Development Tacit Knowledge Employee knowledge, expertise, and experiences - not formally documented Cross-industry surveys report almost 75% of corporate knowledge is tacit knowledge* * Source: Knowledge Management: Assessing Your Corporate Knowledge, Mimi Ho, CIO.com, People JRC

12/1/2005 Page 9 Engineering & Technology Management Group Engineering Technology Management Tracking the Constant of Change Management History Society Legal Aspects LogisticsSupply Chain Systems Engineering Economics Risk Technical Information Multidiscipline Design Product Development Enablers of Tacit Knowledge Collaboration and Expert Locator Technologies Retaining the Retired Corporate Universities It will not be long before corporations will be compelled to open and operate their own school in order to train own workers. -- The Futurist (Sep-Oct 2003) Artificial Intelligence and Intelligent Agents Ramona -

12/1/2005 Page 10 Engineering & Technology Management Group Engineering Technology Management Tracking the Constant of Change Management History Society Legal Aspects LogisticsSupply Chain Systems Engineering Economics Risk Technical Information Multidiscipline Design Product Development Value = Organizations must be able to assign a commodity value to knowledge they produce and retain. –Intellectual capital indices – Skandia Navigator Annual visualization of corporate intellectual capital –Measuring business outcomes – 3M Example 15%-rule measured by involvement, improvement, and outcome –Balance Scorecard - APQC framework Financial, Customer, Internal, and Innovation & Learning scores Getting and Defining Value

12/1/2005 Page 11 Engineering & Technology Management Group Engineering Technology Management Tracking the Constant of Change Management History Society Legal Aspects LogisticsSupply Chain Systems Engineering Economics Risk Technical Information Multidiscipline Design Product Development Industry and Government Perspectives IndustryGovernment Effective Knowledge Management Greater Profits Reduced Taxes Vibrant Economy Partnerships

12/1/2005 Page 12 Engineering & Technology Management Group Engineering Technology Management Tracking the Constant of Change Management History Society Legal Aspects LogisticsSupply Chain Systems Engineering Economics Risk Technical Information Multidiscipline Design Product Development Todays Human Capital Drivers – Tomorrows Need For KM Derived from: National Science Board, Nation Science Foundation information Given these trends, the population of future engineers and scientists will need the type of knowledge collection and transfer KM promotes Enrollments Doctorates Earned Late 1980s 2000 Engineering Undergraduates down 20% Engineering Graduate Students down 18.5% Science Graduate Students downturn Engineering declined by 15% Physics declined by 22% Aerospace Graduate Students down 15.5%

12/1/2005 Page 13 Engineering & Technology Management Group Engineering Technology Management Tracking the Constant of Change Management History Society Legal Aspects LogisticsSupply Chain Systems Engineering Economics Risk Technical Information Multidiscipline Design Product Development The Aerospace Sector: Poised for KM? Three questions: –Is your organization losing people to retirement? –Is your organization trying to hire skilled employees? –Does your organization have an Information Technology and Data Management infrastructure where intellectual capital resides?

12/1/2005 Page 14 Engineering & Technology Management Group Engineering Technology Management Tracking the Constant of Change Management History Society Legal Aspects LogisticsSupply Chain Systems Engineering Economics Risk Technical Information Multidiscipline Design Product Development = 6 nodes = 12 lines of communications = 24 input/output connections KM as the Connections Between People = 10 nodes = 10 lines of communications = 20 input/output connections = 6 nodes = 6 lines of communications = 12 input/output connections

12/1/2005 Page 15 Engineering & Technology Management Group Engineering Technology Management Tracking the Constant of Change Management History Society Legal Aspects LogisticsSupply Chain Systems Engineering Economics Risk Technical Information Multidiscipline Design Product Development First Steps Toward the Year 2025 From Hire good people and let them talk to each other.

12/1/2005 Page 16 Engineering & Technology Management Group Engineering Technology Management Tracking the Constant of Change Management History Society Legal Aspects LogisticsSupply Chain Systems Engineering Economics Risk Technical Information Multidiscipline Design Product Development Engineering & Technology Management Group Questions on this Session?