 Immigrants played a big part in the growth of cities.  In 1890, immigrants and their children made up 80% or more of the population in cities.  Why did they move to the cities? JOBS

 Buildings where poor immigrants lived.  Usually had many, small dark rooms.  Three, four, or even more people lived in each room of the tenement.  Located in the slums (poor, run-down urban neighborhoods).  Described as being “filthy and rotten”

Crowded Tenement in New York City

 Residential areas that sprang up outside of the cities.  This is where the middle-class people lived.  Middle-class people: doctors lawyers ministers managers office clerks

 A novel published in  Written by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner.  Gilded – something covered with a thin layer of gold.  Used to describe America in the late 1800’s.  Rich vs. poor (extreme wealth vs. poverty)

 Wrote about gangs in New York City.  Several orphans and homeless children would resort to picking pockets and committing other minor crimes just to survive.  Famous quote by Jacob Riis: “The gang is an institution in New York. The police deny its existence while nursing the bruises received in nightly battles with it…The gang is the ripe fruit of tenement-house growth. It was born there.”

 Created in order to help the poor.  Located in poor neighborhoods.  Provided much for the poor: medical care playgrounds nurseries libraries education

 Founded the most famous settlement house.  HULL HOUSE  Located in Chicago

 William LeBaron Jenney- built the world’s first skyscraper.  Louis Sullivan – architect that gave style to skyscrapers.  Frederick Law Olmsted- designed Central Park in New York City and several parks in Boston.

 Designed in New York City – was supposed to be the world’s tallest building.  55 stories high

 San Francisco: cable cars  Trolley cars  Motorized trains  Boston: first subway  New York City: largest subway system

EADS BRIDGEBROOKLYN BRIDGE  St. Louis, Missouri  Built across the Mississippi River.  Opened in  New York City  Connected Brooklyn to Manhattan.  Opened in 1884.