Enzymes Chapter 7 Power Point

What do enzymes do? Enzymes speed up chemical reactionsEnzymes speed up chemical reactions A candy bar will break down over time, but without enzymes this would take around 6 to ten yearsA candy bar will break down over time, but without enzymes this would take around 6 to ten years Your body cannot wait that long for it to break down so that your body can use itYour body cannot wait that long for it to break down so that your body can use it So to speed things up it use enzymesSo to speed things up it use enzymes

Doesnt Chewing food break it down enough? NopeNope No matter how finely you chew bits of food up your body needs them to be broken down further into even smaller parts and enzymes aid in this processNo matter how finely you chew bits of food up your body needs them to be broken down further into even smaller parts and enzymes aid in this process

For Example Starch SugarsStarch Sugars Proteins Amino AcidsProteins Amino Acids

Some examples of enzymes: lipases split fats into glycerol and fatty acids;lipases split fats into glycerol and fatty acids; amylases break down starch into simple sugars;amylases break down starch into simple sugars; proteases break down proteins;proteases break down proteins; cellulases break down cellulose;cellulases break down cellulose;

Enzymes are globular proteins - their molecules are round in shape.Enzymes are globular proteins - their molecules are round in shape. They have an area - usually thought of as a pocket-shaped gap in the molecule -which is called the active site. They have an area - usually thought of as a pocket-shaped gap in the molecule -which is called the active site.

Some enzymes are found inside cells (intracellular enzymes),Some enzymes are found inside cells (intracellular enzymes), Some enzymes are released so they have their effects outside the cell (extracellular enzymes). Some enzymes are released so they have their effects outside the cell (extracellular enzymes).

Substrates: are the molecules that bind to the active siteSubstrates: are the molecules that bind to the active site Enzymes are specific in that only specific substrates may fit into the active site (Your body has hundreds of enzymes that each recognize a specific substrate)Enzymes are specific in that only specific substrates may fit into the active site (Your body has hundreds of enzymes that each recognize a specific substrate) The substrate fits like a key in a lockThe substrate fits like a key in a lock

The enzyme speeds up the process of conversion of substrates (reactants) into productsThe enzyme speeds up the process of conversion of substrates (reactants) into products Enzymes are sometimes called catalyst because they speed up a reactionEnzymes are sometimes called catalyst because they speed up a reaction

Enzymes work best At specific temperature rangesAt specific temperature ranges At specific pH rangesAt specific pH ranges Example pepsin which breaks down proteins into amino acids works best in an acidic environment Example pepsin which breaks down proteins into amino acids works best in an acidic environment

Ok now what happens once an enzyme breaks things down? Now that an enzyme has broken down the food that you eat into smaller parts and pieces it can now be sent into the bloodstream and those parts can be used by cells to use.Now that an enzyme has broken down the food that you eat into smaller parts and pieces it can now be sent into the bloodstream and those parts can be used by cells to use.

Enzymes do not only break down molecules but they also build molecules that your body can use Catabolic Reaction: Breaks down a molecule into simpler parts (proteins broken down into amino acids)Catabolic Reaction: Breaks down a molecule into simpler parts (proteins broken down into amino acids) Anabolic reaction: Builds up molecules into more complex parts (amino acids put together to build muscle)Anabolic reaction: Builds up molecules into more complex parts (amino acids put together to build muscle)

If you add up all of the anabolic reactions and the catabolic reactions in an organism you will have its metabolismIf you add up all of the anabolic reactions and the catabolic reactions in an organism you will have its metabolism Metabolism: All of the chemical reactions occurring in an organisms bodyMetabolism: All of the chemical reactions occurring in an organisms body

The path a cheeseburger takes to get broken down