The Cell Theory.

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Presentation transcript:

The Cell Theory

The Cell Theory The CELL THEORY, or cell doctrine, states that all organisms are composed of similar units of organization, called cells.

History Leading up to Cell Theory First compound microscope developed Zacharias Jansen, of Middleburg, Holland, around the year 1595.

History Leading up to Cell Theory Robert Hooke English Scientist Observed cells in cork Approx. 1663

History Leading up to Cell Theory Antony van Leeuwenhoek First to observe bacteria and protozoa Called “animacules” Approx. 1673

Development of Cell Theory Robert Brown British botanist Discovered the nucleus of a cell 1833

Development of Cell Theory Theodor Schwann German zoologist Described animal cells with nucleus 1838

Development of Cell Theory Matthias Schleiden German botanist Described plant cells with a nucleus 1838

Development of Cell Theory Rudolf Virchow German doctor Stated “every cell originates from another cell”. About 1855

Tenants of Modern Cell Theory All known living things are made up of cells. The cell is structural & functional unit of all living things. All cells come from pre-existing cells by division.

Tenants of Modern Cell Theory Cells contains hereditary information which is passed from cell to cell during cell division. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition. All energy flow (metabolism & biochemistry) of life occurs within cells.  

Historical Problem with the Cell Theory Flew in the face of current belief Then, current belief was life originated from non-living Known as Spontaneous Generation Disproved by Louis Pasteur

Pasteur’s Work Nutrient broths were heated and sterilized in a flask with a straight neck and a curved neck.

Pasteur’s Work Step 1 of his procedure As his control, straight-neck flask Allowed bacteria to grow

Pasteur’s Work Step 2 of his procedure S-shaped necks. With such necks bacteria could not enter Therefore no bacteria grew.

Pasteur’s Work Straight-neck, bacteria S-shaped neck, no bacteria So, based on his observations, what can you conclude?

General Observations 1. All cells posess: Cell membrane Cytoplasm Ribosomes Hereditary Information (DNA)

General Observations 2. Prokaryotes 3. Eukaryotes Single celled Genetic material is a single, circular strand No nucleus No membrane bound organelles 3. Eukaryotes Began as single-celled Genetic material – many, strings Has a nucleus Membrane bound organelles Became multi-celled

General Observations 4. Why are cells so small? Exchange sufficient amount of material Surface area to volume ratio

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