 Have out your homework!  On a piece of paper, titled “Bellringer 10/25/11”, please answer the following questions:  What is an absolute monarch and how did they claim their power?  Who is an example of an absolute monarch? Why does he fit this definition?  Objective: SWBAT describe the revolutions in thoughts from the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment.  BJOTD: What is brown and sticky?

 What did the Renaissance do?  The Renaissance sparked interest and curiosity about many things, allowing people to start to think for themselves  What did the Reformation question?  The Reformation led people to question and challenge the original views of God, the church, and salvation

 At the same time as the Reformation…  Individuals began to challenge the way people viewed their place in the Universe. This became known as the Scientific Revolution.

 The Scientific Revolution was a new way of thinking about the natural world.  Based on:  careful observation of nature  a willingness to question widely accepted beliefs  reason and logic  Result: the expansion of scientific knowledge

 Scientific Method  Created by Aristotle  A logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas

 What was the Enlightenment?  An intellectual movement where enlightenment thinkers tried to apply reason and scientific methods to the HUMAN world as well as to the rest of the natural world  People wanted to build a society around the ideas of the Scientific Revolution

 Salons—wealthy women and men would gather to discuss ideas  Encyclopedias published many Enlightenment ideas  Pamphlets and newspapers helped to spread the word about new ideas

 You have 12 minutes to:  Finish your license plate  Tape/staple the extra part of the chart to your “People of the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment” Chart  Rearrange the room into two circles: an inner and an outer circle.  Objective: SWBAT distinguish individuals from the SR and Enlightenment based on their accomplishments and analyze their importance to society today.  BJOTD: How do we know that policemen are strong?

 By 24, Newton was certain all physical objects on Earth and in space were equally affected by the same forces  His big idea: linking motion in the heaven with motion on earth  Called the Law of Universal Gravitation  Every object in the Universe attracts every other object. The amount of attraction depends on the mass of the object and the distance between them.

 Did not agree with the geocentric model of the universe  First to study the idea that the sun was at the center of the universe  After 25 years, Copernicus proved that the sun was in the center of the stars and other planets  Called the heliocentric theory—sun-centered

 Kepler expanded on Copernicus’ ideas—he wanted to know why and how the planets orbit the way they do  Proved that the planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits instead of perfect circles

 1609—he used a telescope to study the heavens  1610—wrote Starry Messenger, which described his observations  Confirmed Copernicus’ theory of a heliocentric universe

 Galileo's ideas went against the church, so he was “encouraged” not to publish his book  Taken to court by the Church and put to torture  Under torture, he lied and claimed that Copernicus’ ideas were wrong  Jailed until his death, but his ideas still spread.

 Wrote On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals  Showed the heart acts as a pump to circulate the blood throughout the body  Described the function of blood vessels

 Microscope  Edward Jenner invented a vaccine for Smallpox  First Fahrenheit Thermometer

 Wrote Leviathan  English philosopher  Believed all humans are naturally wicked  Absolute monarchy is the best form of government  Governments are created to protect people from their own selfishness

 Wrote Two Treatises on Government  English philosopher  People have the ability to reason and to make good decisions if given the proper information  Governments should be formed with the approval of the people  Governments should exist to protect individual freedoms and liberties  People, not god, should choose leaders.

 Wrote The Spirit of Laws  French political thinker  A monarchy with limited power makes a country stable and secure  Developed the idea of “separation of powers”  Government should be divided or spread out among different branches of government so no one individual or group has too much power and as a result threatens liberty.

 French writer  Believed in:  Tolerance  Reason  Freedom of religion  Freedom of speech  Supported the idea of separation of church and state

 Wrote The Social Contract  Swiss philosopher  Direct Democracy—where people vote in person to make all laws—was the way to protect individual freedom  Government should be a contract between rulers and the people

 Author of Declaration of Independence  All men should be guaranteed life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

 Wrote On Crimes and Punishments  Felt that many parts of the justice system were unfair:  Torture  Secret trials  Harsh sentences  Corrupt judges  His book called for punishments designed to preserve security and order

 Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women  Women should have an education because it’s the key to gaining equality

 In a paragraph on a separate piece of paper, please complete the following statement in a paragraph (5 sentences):  I feel that__________________ from the (SR/Enlightenment) has been the most influential in our world because….

 Stimulated religious tolerance  Helped to start democratic revolutions around the world  Rise of individualism—thinking for yourself  Rise of a more secular or worldly outlook