THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION CHAPTER 19 1750 - 1903
Industrialism Begins Industrialism New economic system Began in Britain Rely on machinery rather than animal and human power Before industrialism most people lived in small farming villages It began in the “textile” industry (woven cloth) See map page 725
What caused the Industrial Revolution??? Began in Britain The Enclosure Movement Investment of capital into businesses Large population of workers Britain’s geography Large supplies of coal and iron Many harbors and rivers
The British Dominated
New Inventions of the Industrial Revolution James Hargreaves Spinning Jenny 1764
New Inventions of the Industrial Revolution Richard Arkwright Water Frame 1769
New Inventions of the Industrial Revolution James Watt The steam engine
New Inventions of the Industrial Revolution Henry Bessemer conversion of iron into steel “The Bessemer process”
Early Industrial City
The Rise of Big Business Successful landowners put money into (invested) businesses The money is called capital As businesses grew, more capital was needed Partnership-two or more people put in captial Corporation-raised money by selling shares of the company to investors
The Rise of Factories and Railroads Factories were the centers of the Industrial Revolution Brought workers and machines together in one place under managers Factories could employ hundreds of people at a time
Factories
The First Steam Boat Robert Fulton Invented the first boat powered by steam engine The Clermont Steam locomotives soon followed see page 728
Steam Locomotive 1829
New Scientific Discoveries Industry spread from Europe to America Samuel Morse The telegraph 1830s
New Scientific Discoveries Alexander Graham Bell The telephone 1876
New Scientific Discoveries Guglielmo Marconi The Radio 1895
New Scientific Discoveries Michael Faraday Magnets can move electrical current 1831
New Scientific Discoveries Thomas Edison The light bulb
New Scientific Discoveries Diesel & Daimler Internal combustion engine
New Scientific Discoveries The Wright Brothers 1st powered airplane 1903
The Industrial Revolution Impacts Society Society and Industry The Industrial Revolution Impacts Society
Cities Grow in Size Urbanization – rapid growth of cities People flocked to cities to find factory jobs Life in industrial cities was tough Lived in tenements Tightly packed apartment buildings in big cities
Tenements
Industrial Life Working class factory workers had hard lives 12-16 hour days, 6 days per week Child Labor (as young as 6) Many lost fingers, limbs, or even died Injuries were common in hot, dirty, unhealthy factories and mines Many found city life better than rural life even though it was hard
New Political ideas Adam Smith Free market “laissez faire” economy private ownership “Wealth of Nations”
New Political ideas Socialism Karl Marx Factories, land, capital ($), raw materials should be owned and run by the government Karl Marx “Communist Manifesto” The socialist way would eventually end the need for classes in society (Marxism)
New Political ideas Labor Unions Workers united to improve wages and conditions
Art & Literature Ludwig von Beethoven German composer
Art & Literature Charles Dickens British Novelist
Art & Literature Gustave Courbet French painter of the lives of ordinary people
Art & Literature Claude Monet French “impressionist”
Science Louis Pasteur Bacteria causes disease 1850s
Science Charles Darwin Theory of Evolution 1859
Science Ivan Pavlov 1890s Actions are unconscious reactions Any action can be learned through training
Science Wilhelm Roentgen X-Ray Machine 1890s
Science Albert Einstein Theory of Relativity 1905 Atomic Bomb
Science Pierre and Marie Curie Discover radioactivity Marie was first woman to win Nobel Peace Prize (1911)
THE END