RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR AQUACULTURE No.3 By Thai Ngoc Chien Depart. of Fish exploitation and resource management Research Institute for Aquaculture No.3 E-mail: thaichienfish@yahoo.com

MINISTRY OF FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR AQUACULTURE No.3 33 Dang Tat, Nha Trang – Khanh Hoa Tel: (+84) 058 831138 Fax: (+84) 058 831846 INTRODUCTION FUNCTIONS AND DUTIES Survey aquatic environment, inland and coastal natural resources. Assess the impacts of aquaculture to the surrounding environments Investigate and apply advanced techniques for aquaculture, exploitation, and conservation (e.g. stock enhancement) Collect and conserve native and economically important introduced species, and generate valuable hybrids Study production of brackish and marine micro algae and seaweed as food for aquatic animals Study post-harvest, formulated feeds, and food processing from freshwater and marine products for domestic and export markets

MINISTRY OF FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR AQUACULTURE No.3 33 Dang Tat, Nha Trang – Khanh Hoa Tel: (+84) 058 831138 Fax: (+84) 058 831846 INTRODUCTION FUNCTIONS AND DUTIES Test the quality of seed, and feasibility of using feed, and bio-products in aquaculture Develop appropriate fishing gear and apply modern fishing technologies with the aim of sustainable fisheries development Provide guidance on technical, economic and environmental aspects to managers and aquaculturists Transfer techniques to farmers via workshops and training courses Cooperate in national and international research and training. Educate post-graduate students and technical personnel

This principal is based on feeding behavior and living space. MINISTRY OF FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR AQUACULTURE No.3 33 Dang Tat, Nha Trang – Khanh Hoa Tel: (+84) 058 831138 Fax: (+84) 058 831846 SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT To minimize the environment impacts from aquaculture, Folke and Kautsky (1992) suggested fish polyculture with water filters such as bivalve and seaweed. Patrick (2000) proposed that in aquaculture we should combine different species who feed at different trophic levels; this will help to minimize the nutrient loads and maximize using water and food resources. This principal is based on feeding behavior and living space.

The project introduced 5 polyculture models as follows: MINISTRY OF FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR AQUACULTURE No.3 33 Dang Tat, Nha Trang – Khanh Hoa Tel: (+84) 058 831138 Fax: (+84) 058 831846 SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE MODELS In 2004-2005, Research Institute for Aquaculture No.3 carried out a polyculture technology research project. The project introduced 5 polyculture models as follows: 1) Polyculture of grouper, green mussel and seaweed 2) Polyculture of lobster, seabass, sandfish, green mussel and seaweed 3) Polyculture of lobster, sandfish, green mussel and seaweed 4) Polyculture of Babylon snail, sandfish, green mussel and seaweed 5) Polyculture of Babylon snail, lobster, seabass, sandfish, green mussel and seaweed

PRINCIPLES…

Babylonia snail Green mussel Seaweed Sea cucumber Dissolved Nutrients (N, P) Particulate Organic matter Oxygen Babylonia snail Benthic Organic matter Green mussel Seaweed Sea cucumber

What are the benefits of polyculture/integrated culture? MINISTRY OF FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR AQUACULTURE No.3 33 Dang Tat, Nha Trang – Khanh Hoa Tel: (+84) 058 831138 Fax: (+84) 058 831846 What are the benefits of polyculture/integrated culture? - Improve income at the same time, so we do not waste time and labour cost. - Maximize usage of water resources so we can grow other species without investment in building cages and ponds or reduce the investment cost. - Different species can use the waste or discharges from each other as food, therefore we can decrease the food cost. - We do not use chemicals or antibiotics, so it is very secure food for consumers. - Reduce the waste loads and eutrophication within cultured area. - Keep ecosystem balanced

MINISTRY OF FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR AQUACULTURE No.3 33 Dang Tat, Nha Trang – Khanh Hoa Tel: (+84) 058 831138 Fax: (+84) 058 831846 PROBLEMS 1. Fishing: high fishing pressure, destructive fishing 2. Destruction of ecosystems and habitats: Mangroves and wetland ecosystems have been converted into aquaculture ponds. Dam constructions for irrigation and building of shipping harbors. 3. Water pollution: Industrial, agricultural and domestic waste discharges reduced the biodiversity and spawning of animals. 4. Disease outbreak: Diseases may cause increasing problems in connection with more intensive production systems.

Polyculture of Babylonia snail, Sea Cucumber, Green Mussel and Seaweed

Polyculture of Grouper, Mussel and Seaweed

Polyculture of lobster, sandfish, green mussel and seaweed

MINISTRY OF FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR AQUACULTURE No.3 33 Dang Tat, Nha Trang – Khanh Hoa Tel: (+84) 058 831138 Fax: (+84) 058 831846 TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES TIGER SHRIMP Penaeus monodon SEED PRODUCTION AND COMMERCIAL CULTURE Author: MSc.NGUYEN CO THACH MSc. DAO VAN TRI

MINISTRY OF FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR AQUACULTURE No.3 33 Dang Tat, Nha Trang – Khanh Hoa Tel: (+84) 058 831138 Fax: (+84) 058 831846 TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES LOBSTER Panulirus ornatus UPGRADING CULTURE Author: Dr. NGUYEN THI BICH THUY

MINISTRY OF FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR AQUACULTURE No.3 33 Dang Tat, Nha Trang – Khanh Hoa Tel: (+84) 058 831138 Fax: (+84) 058 831846 TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES SWIMMING CRAB Portunus pelagicus SEED PRODUCTION Author: Dr. NGUYEN THI BICH THUY

MINISTRY OF FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR AQUACULTURE No.3 33 Dang Tat, Nha Trang – Khanh Hoa Tel: (+84) 058 831138 Fax: (+84) 058 831846 TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES MUD CRAB Scylla serrata SEED PRODUCTION AND COMMERCIAL CULTURE Author: MSc. NGUYEN CO THACH

MINISTRY OF FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR AQUACULTURE No.3 33 Dang Tat, Nha Trang – Khanh Hoa Tel: (+84) 058 831138 Fax: (+84) 058 831846 TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES BABYLON SNAIL Babylonia areolata SEED PRODUCTION AND COMMERCIAL CULRURE Author: Dr. NGUYEN THI XUAN THU

MINISTRY OF FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR AQUACULTURE No.3 33 Dang Tat, Nha Trang – Khanh Hoa Tel: (+84) 058 831138 Fax: (+84) 058 831846 TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES SCALLOP Chlamys nobilis SEED PRODUCTION AND COMMERCIAL CULTURE Author: Dr. NGUYEN THI XUAN THU

MINISTRY OF FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR AQUACULTURE No.3 33 Dang Tat, Nha Trang – Khanh Hoa Tel: (+84) 058 831138 Fax: (+84) 058 831846 TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES PEARL OYSTER Pinctada maxima SEED PRODUCTION AND COMMERCIAL CULTURE Author: Prof.Dr. NGUYEN CHNH

MINISTRY OF FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR AQUACULTURE No.3 33 Dang Tat, Nha Trang – Khanh Hoa Tel: (+84) 058 831138 Fax: (+84) 058 831846 TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES GREEN MUSSEL Perna viridis SEED PRODUCTION AND COMMERCIAL CULTURE Author: Prof. Dr. NGUYEN CHINH

MINISTRY OF FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR AQUACULTURE No.3 33 Dang Tat, Nha Trang – Khanh Hoa Tel: (+84) 058 831138 Fax: (+84) 058 831846 TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES BLOOD COCKLE Anadara granosa SEED PRODUCTION AND COMMERCIAL CULTURE Author: MSc. LA XUAN THAO

MINISTRY OF FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR AQUACULTURE No.3 33 Dang Tat, Nha Trang – Khanh Hoa Tel: (+84) 058 831138 Fax: (+84) 058 831846 TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES ABALONE Haliotis asinina SEED PRODUCTION AND COMMERCIAL CULTURE Author: Dr. LE DUC MINH

TECHNOLOGIES SEA CUCUMBER SEED PRODUCTION AND COMMERCIAL CULTURE MINISTRY OF FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR AQUACULTURE No.3 33 Dang Tat, Nha Trang – Khanh Hoa Tel: (+84) 058 831138 Fax: (+84) 058 831846 TECHNOLOGIES INTRODUCTION APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES SEA CUCUMBER Holothuria scabra SEED PRODUCTION AND COMMERCIAL CULTURE Author: Rayner Pitt and Nguyen Dinh Quang Duy

- Conserve biodiversity; build marine protected area (MPA). MINISTRY OF FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR AQUACULTURE No.3 33 Dang Tat, Nha Trang – Khanh Hoa Tel: (+84) 058 831138 Fax: (+84) 058 831846 SOME NEEDS TO MOVE FORWARD SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT - The results of polyculture research are realistic and easy to apply for the farmers. Encourage the international co-operation to work on sustainable aquaculture development, such as, re-planning, solving pollutions. Research on environmental carrying capacity of the bays where the aquaculture exist to give recommendations to the local managers for re-planning or recovering shrimp aquaculture industry. - Conserve biodiversity; build marine protected area (MPA).

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION MINISTRY OF FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR AQUACULTURE No.3 33 Dang Tat, Nha Trang – Khanh Hoa Tel: (+84) 058 831138 Fax: (+84) 058 831846 APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION