Biotechnology pp

WHAT IS IT?  Biotechnology : the application of technology to better use DNA and biology

HUMAN GENOME PROJECT Sequenced and identified all of the DNA and mapped where every gene is on each chromosome Study of the genes

GENETIC ENGINEERING  GOAL: Change an organism’s DNA to give it new traits

 Recombinant DNA = DNA that contains genes from more than one organism  Transgenic Organisms = Organisms that contain genes from other species in their DNA Also referred to as Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

Gene Cloning

 A plasmid (ring of DNA found in bacteria) and human DNA (donor gene) are cut with the same restriction enzyme to make a sticky end  Donor gene combines with the plasmid (recombinant DNA)  Plasmid (cloning vector ) is inserted back into bacterium so that now the bacteria cell makes that specific protein EX. insulin for diabetics

Gene therapy  Altering or Adding genes to treat a genetic disorder Useful for:  Diabetes  Cancer  Hemophilia

STEM CELLS  Stem cells have not yet specialized, so they can become any body cell  Useful for replacing tissue or organs

PROTEOMICS  Study and library of all the proteins and their function  Not all of DNA is used to make mRNA or proteins  The genes or proteins expressed can indicate possible issues the organism is facing