Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs 1 The German Tolling Prospects Edith Buss Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs

Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs 2 Legal Framework Coalition agreement of October 1998 For the purpose of a fair allocation of infrastructure costs, the time-related motorway user charge for lorries will be replaced as early as possible with an electronic fee collection system based on the vehicle mileage. This will also contribute to shifting a certain percentage of goods carried to rail and waterway transport. 12 April 2002: Motorway toll act enters into law –HGVs with a maximum permissible weight of 12 t or more –Charges based on the exact number of kilometers driven –Non discrimination: Automatic and manual booking –Toll rates according to number of axles and emission categories: 9-14 cents/km –Earmarking of revenue 1 January 2005 –Tolling started on the Federal motorways

Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs 3 Objectives To introduce infrastructure charging based on the user pays principle To secure funding for the further upgrading and maintenance of transport infrastructures To provide an incentive to shift freight traffic to the rail and waterway modes, in the interests of the environment, and to deploy HGVs more efficiently To promote innovative technologies

Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs 4 Germany One operator - 12,000 km - 2,200 motorway junctions motorway intersections HGVs subject to tolls - approx. 1.5 million HGVs - approx. 35 % foreign HGVs Mileage subject to tolls - approx bn km per year - approx. 35 % by foreign HGVs Comparison with ASECAP (2005) - 16 European countries operators - 24,600 km Infrastructure

Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs 5 From Infrastructure Costs to Tolls Total costs for motorways: 7.5 bn Costs imposed by HGVs on motorways: 3.4 bn Pro rata HGV mileage:22.7 bn km Average toll rate:15 cents/km To reduce burden on hauliers by 600 million: Average toll rate:12.4 cents/km Pricing by axles and emission classes:9 -14 cents/km

Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs 6 System structure Manual booking Internet Terminal Automatic tolling GSM GPS Federal Office for Goods Transport Toll Collect data processing centre Toll revenue invoicing and remuneration, toll recovery and fines HGV on-board unit Satellite positioning via GPS, data transmission via mobile communications

Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs 7 On-Board-Units (1/2) 07 May 2007 Number of users Registered vehicleInstalled OBUs A total of , Germany Poland

Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs 8 On-Board-Units (2/2) 90 % 10 % OBU InternetTerminal

Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs 9 Toll revenue (1/2) 2005: 2.86 billion (gross) 2006: 3.08 billion (gross)

Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs 10 Integrated Transport Policy Toll revenue is used to improve transport infrastructure –50 % for road infrastructure –38 % for railways –12 % for waterways

Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs 11 Enforcement (1/2) Effective enforcement by means of spot checks Four different types of spot check –Automatic checks backed up by video –Stationary checks following automatic checks –Mobile checks –Checks on the premises of German haulage companies

Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs 12 Enforcement (2/2) Results of checks –Spot checks10 % of trips –Violationsbelow 2 % (original estimate: 5 %) Fines up to 20,000 Fines for first offenders: – Haulier (intentional offense) 400 – Haulier (negligence) 200 – Driver half the company fine in each case

Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs 13 Effects of the Tolls For the first time the proportion of empty long-distance journeys fell under 10 % Number of empty kilometres in own-account operations fell by 7 %, which was higher than the fall in loaded kilometres (4 %) Number of containers carried by train within 5 month approx. 7 % higher than in the same period of 2005 Share of cleaner vehicles rose

Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs 14 Interoperability and European Transport Policy (1/2) Directive 2004/52/EC on interoperability of electronic road toll systems Objectives –Appropriate level of interoperability at the European level –One single OBU, one single contract, one billing –Implementation of an European electronic toll service Technologies –Satellite positioning –Mobile communication using the GSM-GPRS standard –5,8 GHz microwave technology –Recommendation for satellite positioning and mobile communication Underline importance of the GALILEO European satellite navigation system One Onboard-Unit, one contract

Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs 15 Interoperability and European Transport Policy (2/2) Interoperability with neighbour countries –German toll system has an interface for DSRC systems –Basis for interoperability with DSRC systems Interoperability with Austria –German OBU will be able to levy tolls in Austria –First time interoperability between microwave und satellite based technology

Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs 16 Prospects HGV tolling: it is the key project in the reform of transport policy Largest PPP project in Germany – HGV tolling means changeover to user pays principle Toll Collect is competitive and a world leader in tolling technology – Support to industry in marketing – Great international interest (Europe, China, Russia, USA) The stage has been set for intelligent traffic management systems: – Variation according to place and time of day – Value added services