VENUS in transit Robert Wielinga. Venus Evening star Goddess of love and beauty planet.

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Presentation transcript:

VENUS in transit Robert Wielinga

Venus Evening star Goddess of love and beauty planet

Utrecht, june 8th 2004, 05 h 20 m : sunrise

Utrecht, june 8th 2004, 07 h 19 m : a black dot passes in front of the sun I : first contact at 07 h 19 m II: seccond contact at 07 h 39 m III: third contact at 13 h 03 m IV : fourth contact at 13 h 23 m A transit of Venus: a mini solar eclipse

½ 105 ½ Regularity in the occurance of transits of Venus

months When Venus meets the earth Every the earth is overtaken by Venus

No transit Transit! But the orbit of Venus is tilted slightly with respect to orbit of the earth around the sun (3,4 o ). Usually when Venus overtakes the earth there is no exact alignment Exact alignment: very rare! When Venus meets the earth

jan dec feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov

Jeremiah Horrocks observes the transit of 1639

William Crabtree (friend of Horrocks) is the seccond person to observe the 1639 transit “I beseech you, therefore, with all my strength, to attend to it diligently with a telescope and to make whatever observation you can….” Horrocks, in a letter to Crabtree

A A B B The path of Venus acros the sun by observers A and B as seen from the earth Halley ( ) proposed a method to measure the ‘immense distance to the sun’ by international coordinated observations during the transit of  

Voyage with the Endeavour Captain James Cook 1769: Tahiti

Captain James Cook 1769: Tahiti

The unfortunate adventures of Guillaume-Joseph-Hyacinthe-Jean- Baptiste Gentil de la Galaisière (Le Gentil) maart 1760 juli 1760 mei juni 1761

mrt 1768 mrt 1770 okt 1771 aug 1766 The unfortunate adventures of Guillaume-Joseph-Hyacinthe-Jean- Baptiste Gentil de la Galaisière (Le Gentil)

Problems in 1761 / 1769: - Weather (Le Gentil) - Longitude - The BLACK DROP effect

CairoRodriguez Is.MauritiusNew Zealand 1874 / 1882 New hope: - Photography - Parallax of stars

Members of the Dutch expedition in 1874 in front of their accommodation in St. Denis, Réunion Observation camp of the Dutch expedition 1874: Dutch participation !

Exhibition in Museum Observatory Sonnenborh

VENUS Distance to the sun: 108 million km 0,72 AU Diameter: km (0,95 x earth) Massa: 4,7 x kg (0,80 x earth) Temperature (surface): 490 °C Pressure (surface): 90 atmosphere

The atmosphere is is composed mostly of carbon dioxide. There are several layers of clouds, many kilometers thick, composed of sulfuric acid.

Mikhail Lomonosov, june 5, 1761 discovered, during a transit, that Venus has an atmosphere

Magellan spacecraft Launched from the Space Shuttle (1989)

Venera 13

A partial solar eclipse: the moon covers the sun

Mercury in transit in may 2003 sunspot

Eclipse glasses Pinnhole projection Mirror projection

Projection method: safe and handy! With binoculars (only use one half) or telescope

Links: (nog niet aktief) home.hetnet.nl/~smvanroode/venustransit