 Muhammad, the Prophet  Mecca and Medina on the Arabian Peninsula

 Monotheism: Allah (Arabic word for God)  Qur’an (Koran): The word of God  Five Pillars of Islam  Acceptance of Judeo-Christian prophets, including Moses and Jesus  Belief in good & evil  Individuals responsible for actions in their life

 Western Arabia  Site of religious pilgrimage

 Ancient shrine  Center of pilgrimage

 Allah – “god” in Arabic  Belief in one god

 Worked in caravans  Became manager for Khadijah and married her

 Age 40  Muslims believe that Angel Gabriel said Muhammad was messenger of Allah

 People who follow Islam are called Muslims  Allah one and only god

 Lead to neglect of Arab gods  Mecca would lose trade

 Migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina (Yathrib)  Muhammad left Mecca & settled in Medina

 Political & religious  Formed single community and converted many to Islam  Led military

 630-Muhammad and followers marched to Mecca  Defeated Mecca in war  Most Meccans converted to Islam  Muhammad died two years later

To be a Muslim, all believers have to carry out five duties

 A declaration of faith that Muslims recite:  “There is no god but Allah & Muhammad is the messenger of Allah”

 Five times daily  Face towards Mecca to pray  Mosque – Islamic house of worship

 Money for the poor through religious taxes  Responsibility to support the less fortunate

 Ramadan – holy month of Islam  Period where nothing is eaten between sunrise & sunset

 Hajj  Trip to Mecca at least once in life

F2AP2F2AP2

 No pork or alcohol  Friday day of worship  Worship god directly (minister not needed)  Ulama – religious teachers applying Islam to daily life

 Holy book of Islam  Muhammad’s revelations collected and written down  Written in Arabic

 Islamic law from the Qur'an  Regulates all aspects of life  Required tolerant treatment of Jews & Christians

 Abraham – first great prophet, trace ancestry  Moses and Jesus– viewed as prophets  Muhammad – the final prophet

 Diffusion along trade routes from Mecca and Medina  Expansion despite great distances, desert environments, and mountain barriers  Spread into the Fertile Crescent, Iran, and Central Asia facilitated by weak Byzantine and Persian empires

Write name of Pillar why

 On your own paper make a chart with the headings Islam, Christianity, Judaism  Compare the three religions using your notes IslamChristianityJudaism

1. Trace your hand. 2. On the palm write Five Pillars of Islam 3. On each finger write a Pillar