Smart Card 李開振, 許家碩 Department of Computer Science National Chiao Tung University

Outline 1/2 Introductions History, Application area, Standardization Types of Cards Embossed cards, magnetic-stripe cards, Smart Card, Optical Memory Card Physical and Electrical properties Smart Card Operation System Design, files management, sequential control, Open platform Smart Card Data Transmission Data transmission Protocols, message structure (APDU) Smart Card Commands

Outline 2/2 Security Techniques Smart Card Terminals The Smart Card Life Cycle The five phases of the Smart Card life Cycle Smart Card in Payment Systems Payment transactions, Prepaid Memory Card, Electronic Purses Smart Card in Telecommunications GSM, UMTS, Wireless Identification Module, Public Card Phones Application Design

Introductions

Introductions - History 1950s - The proliferation of plastic cards started in the USA 1970s - It possible to integrate data storage and processing logic on a single silicon chip Roland Moreno registered his smart card patents in France The French PTT (postal and telecommunications services agency) successfully carried out a field trial with telephone cards

Application area Memory Card

Application area Microprocessor cards

Application area Contactless cards

Standardization ISO TC68/SC6 ISO/IEC JTC1/SC17 ISO/IEC 7816 GSM European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)

Types of Cards

Embossed Card Magnetic-stripe cards Smart Card

Types of Cards - Embossed Card

Type of Cards - Magnetic-stripe cards

Type of Cards - Smart Card

Smart Card Microcontrollers processor address and data buses three types of memory (RAM, ROM and EEPROM) Input/Output

Smart Card - Memory

Smart Card - Microprocessor

Smart Card - Contactless smart card

Types of card - Optical Memory Card ISO/IEC and

Physical and Electrical properties

Physical properties Physical properties - ID1: external rectangle: width: mm, height: mm internal rectangle: width: mm, height: mm

Physical properties ID000: external rectangle: width: mm, height: mm internal rectangle: width: mm, height: mm

Physical properties ID00: external rectangle: width: mm, height: mm internal rectangle: width: mm, height: mm

Smart Card Operation System

The primary tasks of a smart card operating system Transferring data to and from the smart card Controlling the execution of commands Managing files Managing and executing cryptographic algorithms Managing and executing program code.

Smart Card OS - I/O I/O manager Protocol state machine Send block Send byte Send bitReceive bit Receive byte Receive block Hardware Data flow

Smart Card OS – Commands processing

Smart Card OS - Filesystem Master File (MF) The root directory of the filesystem Dedicated File (DF) directory files Elementary File (EF) hold the actual user data

Smart Card OS - Filesystem MF EF DF EF ．．．

Filesystem - EF file structure Transparent file structure Transparent file structure is often referred to as a binary structure. Byte number …………………………. n Offset Data

Filesystem - EF file structure Linear Fixed file structure data structure is based on chaining fixed-length records Byte number n Record Number 1234m1234m

Filesystem - EF file structure Linear variable file structure each record can have an individually defined length Byte number n Record Number 1234m1234m

Smart Card Data Transmission

Answer to Reset (ATR)

Data transmission Structure of a character for data transmission Start bitParity bit high low t

Data transmission conventions (a) direct convention, (b) inverse convention

Data transmission Protocols ProtocolMeaning T=0Asynchronous, half-duplex, byte oriented [ISO ] T=1Asynchronous, half-duplex, block oriented [ISO ] T=2Asynchronous, full-duplex, block oriented [ISO-10536] T=3Full duplex; not yet specified T=4Asynchronous, half-duplex, byte oriented, extension of T=0, not yet specified T=5 … T= 13 Reserved for future use, not yet specified T=14For national use, not standardized by ISO T=15Reserved for future use, not yet specified

Message structure (APDU) Structure of the command APDU

Message structure (APDU) Structure of the response APDU

ClassApplication 0XStandard commands compliant with ISO/IEC /7/8 80Electronic purses compliant with EN XApplication-specific and company-specific commands (private use) 8XCredit cards with chips, compliant with EMV A0GSM mobile telecommunication system compliant with GSM 11.11

Smart Card Commands

CaseCommand dataExpected response data 1No data 2 Data 3 No data 4Data

Smart Card Commands File selection Command Read and Write Command Search Command File Manipulation Commands Identification Commands Authentication Commands File management Commands

Security Techniques

User Identification Symmetric unilateral Authentication Asymmetric unilateral Authentication Symmetric mutual Authentication Smart Security Attacks at the social level Attacks at the physical level Attacks at the logical level

User Identification 1/3

User Identification 2/3

User Identification 3/3

Attack on smart cards 1/2 Attacks at the social level attacks that are primarily directed against people that work with smart cards can only partially be countered by technical measures Attacks at the physical level it is necessary to obtain physical access to the smart card microcontroller hardware can be static or dynamic

Attack on smart cards 2/2 Attacks at the logical level most known successful attacks on smart cards arise from pure mental reflection or computation classical cryptanalysis, known faults in smart card operating systems and Trojan horses in the smart card application.

The Smart Card Life Cycle

The Smart Card Life Cycle 1/3 Phase 1: Production of the chip and the smart card Designing the chip Generating the smart card operating system Fabricating the chips and modules Producing the card body Embedding the module in the card body

The Smart Card Life Cycle 2/3 Phase 2: Card preparation Completing the smart operating system Phase 3: Application preparation Initializing the applications(s) Personalizing the applications(s), both visually and electrically

The Smart Card Life Cycle 3/3 Phase 4: Card usage Activating the applications Deactivating the applications Phase 5: Termination of card usage Deactivating the applications Deactivating the card

Smart Card in Telecommunications

The GSM System The subscriber identity module (SIM) Security Subscriber identification SIM authentication Data encryption

The GSM System Data storage Dialing numbers Short messages Mobile telephone settings Subscriber information SIM characterization Managing services and supplementary applications Subscriber administration

SIM in the GSM System

File system in SIM 1/2

File system in SIM 2/2