Bell Work  What was the headright system? This Day in History: August 18, Genghis Khan, the Mongol leader who forged an empire stretching from the east coast of China west to the Aral Sea, dies in camp during a campaign against the Chinese kingdom of Xi Xia. August 18, John White, the governor of the Roanoke Island colony, returns from a supply-trip to England to find the settlement deserted. August 18, The 19th Amendment, guaranteeing women the right to vote, is ratified by Tennessee, giving it the two-thirds majority of state ratification necessary to make it the law of the land. August 18, James Meredith, the first African American to attend the University of Mississippi, graduates with a degree in political science.

THE PLANTATION COLONIES

MARYLAND  Established by Lord Baltimore as refuge for Roman Catholics in  Passed the Act of Toleration which guaranteed tolerance to all Christians when many Protestants came to the area.

THE CAROLINAS  Established by King Charles II after he granted land to 8 of his court favorites in  A vigorous slave trade was established in the Carolinas.  Rice became a major crop in Carolina and African slaves were vital to helping grow the crop.

NORTH CAROLINA  Many poor outcasts and religious dissenters from Virginia migrated down to North Carolina.  It separated from South Carolina in 1712.

GEORGIA  Last of the 13 colonies intended to be a buffer for the valuable Carolinas.  Also, meant to be a haven for debtors and initially did not allow slavery in the colony.  Referred to as the “Charity Colony.”

Economies of the Southern Colonies  Depended on agriculture. Tobacco and rice were the major cash crops.  They exported materials for building ships such as wood and tar.  Had many small farms and some large plantations.  By the 1700s enslaved Africans rather than indentured servants became the main source of labor.  Slave codes kept the slaves in check.

Colonial Slavery  Tens of thousands of Africans came to America through the middle passage in the early 1700s.  People were captured by African coastal tribes and sold to Europeans and Americans.

The Middle Passage  Read the first hand account of the Middle Passage. Write a couple paragraphs discussing the harsh conditions the Africans had to endure.