Political Trends in the West during the 19 th Century Mr. Millhouse AP World History Hebron High School

Introduction Question What events during the 18 th and early 19 th century would have an influence on Western political systems? Enlightenment French Revolution Reign of Napoleon Industrial Revolution

Nationalism What is nationalism? What are nation- states? Nationalism: Belief that people should be loyal to their nation—rather to a king or empire Nation-State: An independent country of people having a common culture or identity

Nationalism Most powerful political ideal of the 19 th century Most powerful political ideal of the 19 th century Nationalism weakens multi-national empires Nationalism weakens multi-national empires –Austria-Hungary, Russia, & Ottoman Nationalism creates new nations Nationalism creates new nations –Italy and Germany

Europe in 1800

Europe in 1900

Unification of Italy After 1815 parts of Italy were controlled by Austria & Spain After 1815 parts of Italy were controlled by Austria & Spain Nationalist leaders unify most of Italy by 1860 Nationalist leaders unify most of Italy by 1860 –Giuseppe Mazzini –Count Camillo di Cavour –Giuseppe Garibaldi Faced several problems after unification Faced several problems after unification Italy in 1800

Unification of Germany German nationalism sparked by Napoleonic wars German nationalism sparked by Napoleonic wars Otto von Bismarck stages a series of wars to unify Germany Otto von Bismarck stages a series of wars to unify Germany German unification completed in 1871 German unification completed in 1871 Otto von Bismarck

Government Reforms Changes in government functions Changes in government functions –The Constitutional Question –The Social Question Beginning of the welfare state Beginning of the welfare state –Social insurance (worker’s compensation, unemployment, etc.) –Symbolized extension of government

Reform Movements Political Reform Movements Political Reform Movements –Utilitarianism –Socialism –Communism New Political Parties New Political Parties –Socialists –Communists –Labour Karl Marx

Labor Reform Labor unions Labor unions –Unions use collective bargaining and strikes to push for reforms –Britain attempted to outlaw labor unions Reform laws Reform laws –Factory Act of 1833 – Child Labor –Mines Act of 1842 – Women and children cannot work underground

Democratic Reforms Great Britain Great Britain –Reform Bill of 1832 –Chartist Movement –Working class suffrage in 1867 –Rural laborers in 1884

Feminist Movements Goals Goals –Sought legal and economic rights –Women’s suffrage Leadership Leadership –Middle class women –Emmeline Pankhurst –Elizabeth Cady Stanton –Susan B. Anthony Stanton (seated) with Anthony

Feminist Movements Methods Methods –Protests –Hunger strikes –Support for war effort Accomplishments Accomplishments –GB: Women over 30 gain right to vote in 1918 –US: 19 th Amendment (1920)