PROGRESSIVE ERA PRESIDENTS Libertyville HS. Theodore Roosevelt “The Square Deal” Domestic policy of TR Fair treatment of business, labor Protect consumers.

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Presentation transcript:

PROGRESSIVE ERA PRESIDENTS Libertyville HS

Theodore Roosevelt “The Square Deal” Domestic policy of TR Fair treatment of business, labor Protect consumers (food regulation, IIC vs. RRs) Trust busting The “Trust Buster” Distinguished between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ trusts Dissolved 44 trusts, including National Securities Co. (RR & JP Morgan)

Theodore Roosevelt Supported organized labor (unions) 1902 coal mine strike Environmental support Newlands Act (irrigation projects in West) Forest Preserves Consumer Protection Meat inspection Pure Food and Drug Act Hepburn Act (IIC to set RR rates)

Election of 1908 TR decided not to run in 1908 GOP nominated William Taft, TR’s friend and Sec’y of War Dems nominated WJ Bryan Bryan campaigned on progressive platform GOP slogan: “Vote for Taft, now – you can vote for Bryan anytime!” Results Taft:321 ECV / 7.6 million Bryan:162 ECV / 6.4 million

William Taft Appellate court judge Diplomatic envoy Presidency Dissolved over 90 trusts 16 th Amendment ratified (Income tax) Tariff  GOP didn’t want to reduce it; progressives did  Taft signed reduction, to 40.8% Managed to alienate everyone in politics

Election of 1912 Taft, TR had falling out TR formed “Bull Moose Party” (Progressive) after losing nomination Dems: Woodrow Wilson Campaign Bull Moose split GOP vote Would Dems have won anyway? Results Wilson 435 ECV / 6.29 million Roosevelt 88 ECV / 4.12 million Taft 8 ECV / 3.48 million

Woodrow Wilson Only Democrat elected between 1892 and 1932 President of Princeton U., governor of NJ “Triple Wall of Privilege” Tariff – lowered to 25% Banks – Federal Reserve Act of 1913  Bank could print money at government’s direction  Board (bankers plus appointees) directed system  12 districts across US (weakened NY influence)

Woodrow Wilson Trusts Clayton Anti-trust Act  Key anti-trust law  Sought to stop trusts at their formation Federal Trade Commission  Enforced Clayton Act  Prevented anti- competitive acts by business  Consumer protection

Woodrow Wilson Other progressive laws Workers Compensation Child Labor Act Adamson Act (8 hour day) 18 th Amendment (Prohibition) 19 th Amendment (Women’s suffrage)