Distributive Politics and Global Climate Change October 2007.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Framework Convention on Climate Change n Basis for all negotiations since 1992 n Ratified by 186 Countries n Ratified by United States n Commits all Parties.
Advertisements

RIVM/Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency 1 Michel den Elzen, Paul Lucas and Marcel Berk National Institute of Public Health.
National Climate Change Conference Climate Action Now South Africa, October 2005 Climate Change Consultative Conference The CDM and strengthening.
Quantifying future emission paths: What is needed from whom to keep stabilization in reach 18 October 2005 Niklas Höhne, ECOFYS Cologne,
The CBDR Principle and GHG emissions from International Shipping Per Kågeson.
Beyond the Kyoto Firewall The Durban Platform, the Russian Proposal and Differentiation of Country Groups Anna Korppoo Moscow, 26 January 2012.
WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION Symposium on CROSS-BORDER SUPPLY OF SERVICES Sebastián Sáez CONSULTANT.
1 Introduction to the Climate Change Regime: the Role of the GEF By Bonizella Biagini Program Manager Climate Change Adaptation Global Environment Facility.
1 Presentation by South Africa to AWG2 Initial views on ‘how to determine further emission limitation and reduction commitments’ AD HOC WORKING GROUP ON.
The Well-being of Nations Chapter 1 Emerging Social and Economic Concerns.
© dreamstime CLIMATE CHANGE 2014 Mitigation of Climate Change Working Group III contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report.
The EU Emission Trading System (ETS) Henriëtte Bersee Henriëtte Bersee Environment Counselor Environment Counselor Royal Netherlands Embassy Royal Netherlands.
One Billion High Emitters: A New Approach for Sharing Global CO2 Emission Reductions Shoibal Chakravarty (PEI), Ananth Chikkatur (Harvard), Heleen de Coninck.
In order to develop strategies to best deal with climate change, scientists from around the world need to share data. Many advances in computer technology.
ECON*2100 Economic Growth and Environmental Quality Climate Change Lectures II. Economics 1.
Sectoral Approaches to the Post-2012 Climate Change Policy Architecture Jake Schmidt, Director of International Programs Center for Clean Air Policy *******
Moving forward from Copenhagen: avenues for cooperation and action Yvo de Boer Executive Secretary UNFCCC.
Beyond Kyoto Addressing Cost: The Political Economy of Climate Change Prepared for the Pew Center on Global Climate Change.
Climate Change 1. What is climate change? IPCC: A change in the state of the climate that can be identified by changes in the mean and/or the variability.
The Politics of Global Climate Change Urs Luterbacher Graduate Institute of International Studies.
Discussion (1) Economic forces driving industrial development and environmental degradation (2) Scientific recognition and measurement of pollution (Who.
Japan in Copenhagen Fix the Unfair Kyoto Burden-Sharing! 5 May 2009 Anna Korppoo Senior Researcher The Finnish Institute of International Affairs.
30/10/2006 MARKET BASED MECHANISMS TO FIGHT CLIMATE CHANGE Jean-François Conil-Lacoste Chief Executive Officer, Powernext SA APEX Conference October 30,
Long-Run Economic Growth
International cooperation Part IV. The UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol Session 7.
International cooperation Part IV. The UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol Session 7.
Indonesia Economic Relations with China: An Indonesian Perspective
Should the U.S. ratify it? Daniela Sol 21 Oct PROTOCOL.
Global Climate Change Negotiations: A Perspective on Intergenerational and Social Equity P.R. Shukla.
SHIFTING POWERS AND INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE NORMS Dr Rowena Maguire.
Beyond Kyoto: Getting Serious About Climate Change Robert N. Stavins Albert Pratt Professor of Business and Government John F. Kennedy School of Government,
Economics, Policy, and the FutureSection 1 Section 1: Economics and International Cooperation Preview Classroom Catalyst Objectives International Development.
Economics, Policy,and the FutureSection 1 Section 1: Economics and International Cooperation Preview Bellringer Objectives International Development and.
WRI What’s fair? Equity and Global Climate Change Conference April 17, 2001 Nancy Kete World Resources Institute.
Session 3: Other Strategies for International Cooperation Scott Barrett Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies.
Sustainable development Economic development/activities must not take place - at the expense of our natural environment - at the expense of other people(s)
GA Regional UN Conference on Sustainable Development By: Emma Bunting and D’Andra Brown.
KYOTO TREATY. WHAT IS THE KYOTO TREATY? The Kyoto Treaty commits industrialised nations to reducing emissions of greenhouse gases, principally Carbon.
Global Sustainability: The Case for Collaboration Environmental Issues.
1 “Using Carbon Markets to Encourage the Uptake of Low Carbon Vehicles” Meeting the Low Carbon Challenge The Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership Third Annual.
What Path Toward Broad International Participation In Climate-Change Policy? Lawrence H. Goulder, Stanford University Prepared for the Danish Conference.
Norwegian emissions trading proposal and onwards Peer Stiansen Norwegian Ministry of Environment.
Margaret Mukahanana Sangarwe. SHARED VISION FOR LONG TERM COOPERATIVE ACTION There was a shared vision in paragraphs 1-7 of the Cancun Decision The Cancun.
Climate and Energy Package Open Days 2008 Workshop “ Climate change and the role of regions“ 7 October 2008 Martin Weiss European Commission DG ENV, unit.
L Click to edit Master text styles l Second level l Third level l Fourth level l Fifth level Representing the European electricity industry at expert,
SOGE, 05/16-17/05, Bonn, Germany Switzerland. SOGE, 05/16-17/05, Bonn, Germany Switzerland, as a Party to the UNFCCC and a member of the international.
1 Economics 331b Spring 2009 International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Economics, Law.
Practical Measures to Manage Aviation Emissions Martin Eran-Tasker Technical Director Association of Asia Pacific Airlines Seminar on Practical Measures.
WHAT IS NEW : PERCEPTION & POLITICS NATIONAL ACTION PROGRAMMES SHIFTS IN GROWTH PATHWAYS WOULD RESULT IN AVOIDANCE OF EMISSIONS, NOT THE OTHER WAY ROUND.
THE UN FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE (FCCC) Historical Aspects: In 1990 the UN General Assembly established a Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee.
What constitutes a fair level of effort for individual Parties? Ben Gleisner: Post-2012 Emission Reduction Targets.
Informal Thematic Debate of the General Assembly Climate Change as a Global Challenge 31 July 2007, United Nations The way forward: International Context.
Global Warming - 2 The difficult issues PowerPoint 97 PowerPoint 97 To download: Shift LeftClick Please respect copyright on this material.
 Cap and Trade Application: Global Warming 6. 2.
Regional Perspectives on the Post-2015 Development Agenda Towards More Inclusive, Sustainable and Prosperous Societies in the UNECE Region Andrey Vasilyev.
COP-16 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Some Conclusions Fostering Trade through Private-Public Dialogue Expert Meeting on Regional Integration in Asia New Delhi, March 2007.
© dreamstime CLIMATE CHANGE 2014 Mitigation of Climate Change Working Group III contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report.
REDUCING EMISSIONS FROM AVIATION THROUGH CARBON-NEUTRAL GROWTH FROM 2020 A POSITION PAPER PRESENTED BY THE GLOBAL AVIATION INDUSTRY BASED ON A WORKING.
Climate Change and Forestry —Possible Legal and Policy Instruments to Address Potential Effects of Forest Carbon Offsets Ding Zhi (Department of Law of.
Datum faculteit rechtsgeleerdheidbestuursrecht & bestuurskunde Shared Responsibilities? Shared Competences?
Equity and Global Climate Change Developing Countries and the Climate Change Challenge Alistair Maclean, Australian Embassy.
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Research Domain Sustainable Solutions 1 Analysis of Post-2012 Climate Policy Regimes Marian Leimbach/Lavinia.
The Global Politics of Climate Change Dr Daniel Bray La Trobe University.
Adapting to Climate Change Mumma Analysis of the Legal & Policy Adaptations Necessary for Sustainable Development.
KYOTO PROTOCOL.
New readings… Research paper assignment…
Kyoto Protocol.
China Dialogue, Geneva, 28th NOV, 2008
Presentation transcript:

Distributive Politics and Global Climate Change October 2007

Why Climate Change is so Difficult Not only are there asymmetric distributional consequences associated with climate change mitigation... There is no single criterion for success (as there is in the eradication of a disease). The good may be provided to varying extents, which may entail further distributional conflict. Any substantial effort at global climate change mitigation will require cooperation by countries with heterogeneous interests (i.e., the global North and South).

The Kyoto Process, Post-2012 Since 1997, the annual conferences of parties have focused on further developing the treatys flexibility mechanisms, and (until 2005) on securing sufficient participation for the treaty to enter into legal force. Broader issues of sustainable development and the concerns of the global South have been overshadowed by these more immediate concerns. Moving forward, the climate regime must address meaningful participation, by developing parties and by the U.S.

The Kyoto Process, Post-2012 Kyotos carbon trading system may yield benefits for the global South, but fundamental distributional conflicts remain. For emission rights to have value, they must be allocated and restricted in some way. This issue, rather than carbon trading itself, poses the greatest obstacle to North-South agreement.

Emission rights & fairness claims Any trading system requires a prior allocation of emission rights. Various parties have advanced four alternative models for such an allocation, in the interest of fairness. Agreement on any single model is unlikely, since there is a clear link between parties fairness claims and their economic interests.

Model 1: The Kyoto Approach Kyoto is based on a grandfathering approach in which emission reductions are calculated from a baseline (1990). There is no claim that 1990 emissions were fair. Developing countries have no scheduled commitments during the compliance period. Developing countries may receive assistance through the operation of Kyotos flexibility mechanisms.

Model 1: The Kyoto Approach Some worries remain: Can a grandfathering approach be fair to developing countries? Will flexibility mechanisms allow developed countries to take credit for emission reductions in the South with the lowest marginal cost, forcing developing states to take more expensive measures later?

Implications of the Kyoto Model: (Global CO 2 Emissions – 2000)

Model 2: Carbon Intensity Measures emissions in relation to economic output (GDP). Developed by World Resources Institute (WRI). Favored by current U.S. President George W. Bush. Goal is to have strong economic growth with as few carbon dioxide emissions as possible.

Model 2: Carbon Intensity Advantages Combines focus on economic growth with a focus on minimizing climate impact. May secure U.S. participation in the short-term. Early action by developing countries may engender greater trust among developing countries. Disadvantages Does not address existing emission levels. Does not address inequalities in consumption. No firm limits on emissions – countries can grow out of mitigation obligations. Does not address exported emissions. – i.e., emissions reductions achieved by offshoring carbon-intensive production.

Model 2: Carbon Intensity

Model 3: Per Capita Emissions The G-77 countries have developed a model in which emission rights are allocated by the simple rule that all humans have an equal right to the Earths atmosphere. The model is also known as the contract and converge approach. Can be used with an emission trading system to promote efficiency.

Model 3: Per Capita Emissions Advantages Egalitarian Likely to facilitate agreement and participation by developing countries. Can be pegged directly to scientifically-relevant CO 2 levels (in contrast to grandfathering and carbon intensity models) Disadvantages Likely to place severe and immediate obligations on richer countries. Has been a political non-starter when raised as a possibility at previous climate negotiations.

Model 3: Per Capita Emissions

Model 4: Historical Responsibility Mitigation commitments should be tied to countries overall contribution to climate change – not just current contribution. Like the per capita model (contraction and convergence), historical responsibility enjoys the support of the G-77. The emissions gap between North and South is closing much more slowly when calculated using a historical perspective (e.g., summed emissions since 1950).

Model 4: Historical Responsibility Advantages Egalitarian Likely to facilitate agreement and participation by developing countries. Follows the rhetorically powerful principle of polluter pays. Disadvantages Has been a political non-starter when raised as a possibility at previous climate negotiations. Likely to result in particularly strong obligations for early industrializers. Early industrializers were unaware of their influence on global climate change.

Model 4: Historical Responsibility