Introduction to Plumbing Date

Bellwork 0 Fill out your KWL sheet about plumbing 0 What do you K now about plumbing? 0 What do you W ant to learn about plumbing? 0 Leave the L column blank because we will fill in what we learned at the end of the unit!

Objectives 0 Identify four different types of plumbing systems 0 Identify eight different types of commonly used pipes 0 Describe one application for each type of pipe

Where do you see plumbing on a daily basis?

Plumbing…What is it? 0 Plumbing is the installation and repair of water pipes and fixtures including pipes for handling wastewater and sewage 0 Latin word plumbum meaning lead 0 Pipes are rigid tube-like materials 0 Fittings connect pipe to pipe or other objects to pipes 0 Flexible pipes are called tubing

0 The plumbing system is really made up of two systems: 0 The supply system that brings in fresh water 0 The drain-waste-vent system that takes out used water and sewage. 0 The drain-waste-vent system, commonly abbreviated DWV, also lets air in and waste gases out. 0 Between these two systems are the fixtures (sinks, tubs, toilets, etc...) Plumbing…How does it work?

Types of Pipe: Steel Pipe 0 Black pipe is painted black and has little resistance to rust 0 Galvanized pipe is coated with zinc inside and outside to resist rusting for many years 0 Bursts if frozen solid 0 Used mainly for natural gas lines today 0 Galvanized water supply lines can still be found in older homes 0 Usually threaded joints; can be welded

Types of Pipe: Copper Tubing & Pipe Advantages 0 Copper is frequently referred to as tubing 0 Can be purchased in the soft, annealed form or the rigid form 0 Tubing can be easily bent around irregular parts of buildings but is usually hidden due to ugly appearance 0 Copper is preferred over steel for water lines because it resists corrosion 0 Easy to handle 0 Withstands mild freezing 0 Coded for potable water

Copper Tubing & Pipe: Disadvantages 0 High initial cost 0 High degree of expansion 0 Bad taste created if water is acidic 0 Green stains in sinks and tubs due to the reaction between acidic water and copper 0 Is not coded for DWV systems

Cooper Tubing & Pipe 0 Three basic types based on wall thickness 0 K, L, M 0 K has the thickest wall 0 L has a medium wall thickness 0 M has the thinnest wall 0 L is generally coded as the minimum acceptable size for use in buildings 0 K is generally required when pipes are to be buried 0 Soldering is the most common method for joining copper

Types of Pipe: Polyethlene (PE) 0 Used extensively for cold water lines 0 Typically black, somewhat flexible, and available in rolls 0 Popular for direct burial, pump installations, and surface water lines 0 PE is assembled by pushing the pipe over the grooved section of the fittings and is then secured to the fitting using a rustproof stainless steel clamp

Types of Pipes: Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) 0 Rigid & white or gray in appearance 0 Used largely in DWV applications 0 Easy to install 0 Light in weight 0 May be cut with any saw and assembled using liquid cement and primer 0 Not coded for potable water

Types of Pipes: Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC) 0 Rigid & cream in appearance 0 Used for cold water lines 0 Assembled using CPVC specific cement 0 Approved for hot water lines 0 Coded for potable water

Types of Pipe: Acrylonitrite- butadiene-styrene (ABS) 0 Black in color 0 Used for sewage and underground applications 0 Tests seem to indicate that it will last almost indefinitely 0 Guaranteed for 50 years 0 Light weight 0 Assembled by cementing pipe to the fittings; does not require a primer

Types of Pipe: Cast Iron Pipe 0 Thick walls make it most appealing for sewage systems 0 Cast iron is heavy & hard to handle 0 Preferred for buried sewer lines 0 Resistant to rust 0 Durable 0 Resistant to crushing 0 Popular in old houses prior to plastics 0 It has largely been replaced by ABS and PVC 0 Assembled using flanged fittings or using a “lead and oakum” type joint

Types of Pipe: Pex 0 Flexible 0 Resistant to scale and chlorine 0 Does not corrode or develop pinholes 0 More resistant to freeze-breakage than copper or rigid pipe 0 Does not transfer heat as readily as copper 0 Relatively inexpensive 0 Assembled using barbed fittings and special crimp rings 0 Easier to install because less connections and fittings are required 0 Can bend 90 degrees without the need for elbow fittings 0 Approved for both hot & cold potable water lines

Corrugated and Perforated Pipe Used in drainage systems

Ceramic Pipe 0 Historically used for drainage and sewer systems 0 Gravity fed 0 New technology has allowed them to be used in industrial systems 0 Reinforced with silicon carbide 0 Hard, wear-resistant 0 Excellent thermal conductivity

Summary 0 Each type of pipe has advantages and disadvantages 0 When making repairs it is sometimes easier to repair systems with the kind of pipe used in the original installation 0 When planning a new system it is IMPORTANT to consider the merits of each kind of pipe 0 Review Objectives