Mobilization for WWII.

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Presentation transcript:

Mobilization for WWII

America First? Four days after attack on Pearl Harbor, America First Committee holds emergency meeting Vote to dissolve organization “The time for military action is here.”

Selective Training and Service Act In 1940, FDR institutes the first peacetime conscription After Pearl Harbor Expanded Between 1940-47, over 10 million inducted

Critical Thinking What messages do you think the US government needed to convey to the people in order to successfully conduct the war effort?

Propaganda Multiple messages Remind public of the enemy Encourage enlistment Keep production high Stay united Conserve Support the war financially

Economic Mobilization Depression actually becomes a positive for US Why? WWII mobilization effectively ends Depression

Wartime Production Administration fears conflict between military and civilian production “Arsenal of Democracy” Government relies on big companies to produce for war Cost-plus contracting Wage and price controls instituted Union membership preserved

War Measures National War Labor Board, 1942 War Production Board, 1942 Could impose binding solutions in labor disputes War Production Board, 1942 David Nelson (Executive from Sears) Regulated production and allocation of materials and fuel Rationing Prevent waste and conserve resources for war effort

Financing the War FDR wants to increase taxes to support war Taxpayers go from 4 million to 40 million Congress balks at further tax increases War is financed through War Bonds and borrowing

“Loose Lips Sink Ships” Millions of volunteers drafted for the war effort Access to sensitive information Government warned against carelessly dropping details in conversation You never know who might be an Axis spy

Women are Called Upon Mass mobilization requires participation of all citizens Women have unprecedented opportunities in military and in industry Social change resulted from huge female participation in the labor force Would eventually give birth to Women’s Rights movement in 1960s

Women in the Service Each military branch has women corps Support positions WACs (Army) WAVES (Navy) WASP (Air Force) Army Nurse Corps Over 250,000 women served Over 400 killed

“Rosie the Riveter” Propaganda encouraged women to enter work force By end of war, over 18 million women employed 1/3rd of work force 3 million worked in war plants

Closing Thoughts Contrast the mobilization for World War II with our mobilization for our current wars. What is similar and what is different?

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