Chapter 8

Chapter 8 8 Chapter Using Design in Fashion

Chapter 8 Objectives Explain the importance of each element of design in relation to fashion. Apply the principles of design to apparel. Describe how harmony is achieved in garment designs. Discuss how to use design to create illusions that enhance appearance.

Design Design is a plan that puts an idea together Chapter 8 Design Design is a plan that puts an idea together The elements of design are color, shape, line, and texture Combined in different ways, they form designs The principles of design are balance, proportion, emphasis, and rhythm Design harmony results when the elements are combined effectively

Using the Elements of Design Chapter 8 Using the Elements of Design In fashion, the design elements are combined according to current trends How design elements are used distinguishes garments from each other can influence the sale of garments can reflect the fresh new looks of each season Color is the most exciting design element

Color Color has three dimensions or descriptive qualities Chapter 8 Color Color has three dimensions or descriptive qualities Hue is the name given to a color, such as blue, red, or green Value is the lightness or darkness. A tint is whiter than the pure hue; a shade is darker Intensity is the brightness or dullness of a color continued

Color Black, white, and gray are neutrals; they have no hue Chapter 8 Color Black, white, and gray are neutrals; they have no hue Neutrals can be used alone or with almost any colors White reflects light Black absorbs all light Beige is also considered a neutral color since it can be used with most colors

Chapter 8 Using the Color Wheel The color wheel shows the hues and their relationships Primary hues are red, yellow, and blue Secondary hues—orange, green, and violet—appear between the primary hues Intermediate hues appear between each primary and secondary color A color wheel also shows warm and cool colors

Warm and Cool Colors Warm colors—red to yellow hues Chapter 8 Warm and Cool Colors Warm colors—red to yellow hues represent fire, sun, and brilliance give a feeling of activity, cheerfulness, and liveliness can convey a nervous impression if overdone Cool colors—green to violet hues represent water and the sky give a restful, calm, relaxed feeling can convey a depressing mood if overdone

Chapter 8 Color Schemes Color schemes are ways that colors can effectively be used together Monochromatic color scheme—uses different tints, shades, and intensities of one color Analogous color scheme—uses adjacent, or related, colors on the color wheel Complementary color scheme—uses hues that are directly across from each other on the color wheel continued

Chapter 8 Color Schemes Split-complementary color scheme—uses three colors by combining one color with the color on each side of its complement Triad color scheme—combines three colors equidistant on the wheel, such as red, yellow and blue Accented neutral color scheme—combines white, black, gray, or beige with a bright color accent

Chapter 8 Fashion Insights Colors can appear to change the size and shape of the person wearing them A single color, or all close values, for an entire outfit makes a person look thinner and taller Dark, dull colors minimize attention To emphasize the best physical features, a small amount of a light or bright color can be used in an advantageous location continued

Chapter 8 Fashion Insights Outfits are generally more attractive if areas of light and dark are not equal From a distance, the colors in narrow stripes and small plaids blend together Colors appear to change when viewed under different lights To get a true color match, it may be necessary to view items in natural light

Chapter 8 Shape Shape is the silhouette, or the overall form or outline of an outfit Full, wide, flaring shapes add width, making people look larger Compact silhouettes make people look smaller Consider facial shapes in relation to apparel neckline designs If facial shape is extreme in any way, the neckline should not repeat it

Line Line is a distinct, elongated mark as if drawn by a pen Chapter 8 Line Line is a distinct, elongated mark as if drawn by a pen It leads the path of eye movement, outlining the inner and outer spaces to form the details of a fashion garment In fashion, structural lines are formed when garments are constructed such as at seams or darts continued

Chapter 8 Line Decorative lines, or applied lines, are created by adding details to the surface of clothing such as applied edgings, topstitching, and buttons, or accessories such as scarves and necklaces Decorative lines often accentuate structural lines Too much detail causes competition between the lines and is confusing and unattractive

Line Types and Directions Chapter 8 Line Types and Directions Lines are straight, curved, or jagged in 3 basic directions: vertical, horizontal, diagonal Straight lines are bold and severe, suggesting dignity, power, and formality Curved lines are less conservative, formal, and powerful than straight lines continued

Line Types and Directions Chapter 8 Line Types and Directions Jagged lines change direction abruptly in zigzag patterns Vertical lines give the impression of height and slimness Horizontal lines go from side to side, giving a relaxed, calm feeling Diagonal lines slant, drawing attention to the area where they are used

Chapter 8 Texture Texture is the tactile quality of goods or the feel and look of a material’s surface Structural texture is determined by the fibers, yarns, and method of fabric construction Added visual texture is achieved by the finishes and designs applied to the surface Added visual texture is often more noticeable than the structural texture of a fabric continued

Chapter 8 Texture Combinations of textures can be attractive if not too many are combined in one outfit Texture can create illusions in apparel Shiny textures emphasize body contours and can make people look larger Large, bold visual patterns intensify emphasis and increase the apparent size of the wearer

Using the Principles of Design Chapter 8 Using the Principles of Design A garment with good design is pleasing to the eye makes the wearer look his or her best combines the design elements well, according to the principles of design Combining design elements and principles well achieves harmony, the goal of design

Chapter 8 Balance Balance produces equality among the parts of a design or outfit It implies equilibrium or steadiness among the parts Balance in garments is produced by structural parts and added decoration good fabric design

Chapter 8 Examples of Balance A larger area of fine or soft texture balances a smaller area of heavy or coarse texture Warm and dark colors appear heavier than cool and light ones A small amount of a bright color balances a large amount of a dull one Large amounts of tints or neutrals balance smaller areas of shades or bright colors

Formal and Informal Balance Chapter 8 Formal and Informal Balance Formal balance is symmetrical, with one side identical to the other It has a dignified and formal appearance The human figure has formal balance Informal balance creates equilibrium with an asymmetrical arrangement of design details It is more subtle and casual than formal balance and usually more interesting

Chapter 8 Proportion Proportion is the spatial, or size, relationship of all the parts in a design to each other and to the whole This is sometimes called scale Proportion is most pleasing when areas are divided unevenly Example: short jackets with long skirts continued

Chapter 8 Proportion To achieve a pleasing proportion for fashions, relate apparel items to the correct proportion of the person wearing it Buttons, trimming, and pocket size should relate to the overall size of the garment Large plaids will overpower a small frame Fashions that emphasize natural body proportions are usually flattering and pleasing

Chapter 8 Emphasis Emphasis is a concentration of interest in a particular part or area of a design Without a main focal point, an outfit looks unplanned and monotonous Emphasis can be used to draw attention to an attractive personal feature Color or texture contrasts as well as accessories can create emphasis

Chapter 8 Rhythm Rhythm is the pleasing arrangement of design elements to produce a feeling of continuity or easy movement Repetition, gradation, and radiation are the main ways to create rhythm in fashions Repetition repeats lines, shapes, colors, or textures in a garment Examples: pleats or a row of buttons continued

Chapter 8 Rhythm Gradation is a gradual increase or decrease of similar design elements, also called progression Examples: light to dark color, fine to coarse texture Radiation is created by lines emerging from a central point like rays Examples: gathers, tucks, seams, darts, flowing lines, or colors fanning outward from an area

Chapter 8 Harmony Harmony is pleasing visual unity created by a tasteful relationship among all parts Nothing looks out of place Garments that have harmony are pleasing to the eye and suit the wearer There is enough variation to be interesting, but not clash Accessories can be used to create harmony

Illusions Created by Design Chapter 8 Illusions Created by Design The relationship among the different parts of the human form is called body build The shape of a female’s body is called her figure The shape of a male’s body is called his physique By using design elements and principles cleverly, body features can be accentuated or hidden as desired continued

Illusions Created by Design Chapter 8 Illusions Created by Design Designers can use certain styles for desired illusions to flatter various body builds Example: A-line skirts can hide wide hips Fashion professionals know how to help others with their clothing selections Every aspect is important for an entire visual effect from head to toe

In Summary Color is often the most important design element Chapter 8 In Summary Color is often the most important design element The shape of garments influences the illusion of size Lines in a design lead the eye of the observer Texture can add interest and appeal to apparel Balance gives equilibrium to a design continued

Chapter 8 In Summary Proportion relates parts of a design to each other and to the whole Emphasis is created with a focal point Rhythm produces a feeling of continuity of movement in a design Design elements are used to create pleasing visual harmony