Tennessee Geography Intersecting with Tennessee History A Unit Presented by John M. Isabell
Geologic Map of Tennessee
Six Geologic Regions of Tennessee Blue Ridge Mountains Great Valley of Tennessee Cumberland Plateau Highland Rim Nashville Basin (aka Central Basin) Gulf Coastal Plain
Relief Map of Tennessee
Major Rivers & Lakes of Tennessee The Mississippi River The Tennessee River The Cumberland River Reelfoot Lake
Annual Precipitation in Tennessee
Climate Facts About Tennessee Average Summer Temperature is 85-95 degrees Fahrenheit Average Winter Temperature rarely falls below 10 degrees Fahrenheit Tennessee Averages 50 inches of Precipitation a year
Prehistoric Native American Groups in Tennessee Paleo-Indians (15,000 years ago) Hunters/Gatherers Archaic Indians (8,000 years ago) First to begin farming Woodland Indians (1000 –800 B.C.) First permanent settlements and were mound builders Mississippian Indians (1000 A.D.) Mound builders with large, complext societies
Mound near Nashville, TN
Old Stone Fort of Mississippian Era
Artist’s rendition of a Mississippian Village
Marble Statues of Mississippian Culture
Painting of Mississippian Era Indian circa 1565
Major Historic Native American Groups in Tennessee Cherokee Chickasaw Creek (includes remnants of Yuchi) Shawnee
Detail Map of Location of Major Eastern Native American Tribes
Spanish Explorers in Tennessee Hernando de Soto (1540) Juan Pardo (1566
French Explorers in Tennessee Father Jacques Marquette & Louis Joliet (1673) Robert Cavalier de La Salle (1680-1682) Jean Couture (1696) French Traders establish trading post at Great Salt Lick/French Lick (Nashville)
English Explorers James Needham & Gabriel Arthur (1673) Needham is killed by guide known as Indian John.
Long Hunters Explore Tennessee Dr. Thomas Walker explores into Kentucky and Tennessee: Names the Cumberland Gap after Lord Cumberland Daniel Boone also explores into Kentucky and Tennessee and leads many settlers through the Cumberland Gap
Stahlnaker: Indian Trader who may have given Thomas Walker Directions for the Cumberland Gap
Daniel Boone leading settlers through the Cumberland Gap
Settlers Spread into Tennessee First settler is William Bean in 1768. Others soon follow and establish the settlement of Watauga. James Robertson leads first large group to what will become Watauga in 1770-1771.
The Watauga Association Commissioners
James Robertson
Two Journeys To Cumberland Settlements James Robertson leads party of men and livestock overland through the Cumberland Gap. They have some encounters with Native Americans, but have relatively easy trip. John Donelson leads women and children by riverboat on the Tennessee, Ohio and Cumberland Rivers They encounter horrid weather, hostile Native Americans and endure great hardships.
The Cumberland Settlements