Property of Lear Siegler

7 out of 10 Atmosphere & Airmasses, Pressure & Winds, Stability and Clouds 7 out of 10Frontal Weather 7 out of 10Weather Hazards 7 out of 10Weather Reports & Forecasts 7 out of 10Weather Charts Avn Weather Exam –

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TAF The expected meteorological conditions significant to aviation at an airport during the specified time issued by NWS. Airport is defined as the area within a 5nm radius of the center of the runway complex Property of Lear Siegler

Valid for a 24 - hour period (except for high-impact airports with 30-hr valid times) Issued four times daily (every 6 hours) – 0000Z, 0600Z, 1200Z, 1800Z. TAF

KATL-Hartsfield/Jackson Atlanta Intl KBDL-Bradley Intl KBOS-Gen Edward Lawrence Intl KBWI-Baltimore-Washington Intl KCLE-Cleveland/Hopkins Intl KCVG-Cincinnati-N Kentucky Intl KDEN-Denver Intl KDFW-Dallas/Ft Worth Intl KDTW-Detroit Metro Wayne Co KEWR-Newark Liberty Intl KIAD-Washington Dullus Intl KIAH-George Bush Intercontinental KIND-Indianapolis Intl KJFK-John F Kennedy Intl KLAX-Los Angeles Intl KMKE-General Mitchell Intl KMSP-Minneapolis/St Paul Intl KOAK-Metro Oakland Intl KONT-Ontario Intl KORD-Chicago O’Hare Intl KPHL-Philadelphia Intl KPIT-Pittsburgh Intl KSAN-San Diego Intl KSDF-Louisville Intl KSEA-Seattle-Tacoma Intl KSFO-San Francisco Intl KSLC-Salt Lake City Intl KSTL- Lambert-St Louis Intl KSWF-Stewart Intl PANC-Ted Stevens Anchorage Intl PHNL-Honolulu Intl PAFA-Fairbanks Intl High-Impact Cities with TAF’s for 30 hours

ORDER OF ENTRY TYPE OF REPORT STATION IDENTIFIER (FOUR LETTERS) ISSUE TIME VALID TIME WIND VISIBILITY SIGNIFICANT WEATHER SKY CONDITION WIND SHEAR Property of Lear Siegler

STATION IDENTIFIER KMGM Z 0918/1018Z 22020KT 5SM HZFU SCT010 BKN025 FM G25KT 2SM BKN030 PROB / KT 2SM SHRA OVC010 FM KT 2SM SHRA BKN025 FM KT 4SM FG OVC008 Property of Lear Siegler

DATE TIME GROUP TIME OF TRANSMISSION TO THE NEAREST MINUTE KMGM Z 0918/1018Z 22020KT 5SM HZFU SCT010 BKN025 FM G25KT 2SM BKN030 PROB / KT 2SM SHRA OVC010 FM KT 2SM SHRA BKN025 FM KT 4SM FG OVC008

VALID DATE /TIME VALID 24HR FORECAST PERIOD KMGM Z 0918/1018Z 22020KT 5SM HZFU SCT010 BKN025 FM G25KT 2SM BKN030 PROB / KT 2SM SHRA OVC010 FM KT 2SM SHRA BKN025 FM KT 4SM FG OVC008

TIME DIVIDER - FROM FROM 2030 on the 9 th day, a rapid change < 1hr KMGM Z 0918/1018Z 22020KT 5SM HZFU SCT010 BKN025 FM G25KT 2SM BKN030 PROB / KT 2SM SHRA OVC010 FM KT 2SM SHRA BKN025 FM KT 4SM FG OVC008

TIME DIVIDER - FROM KMGM Z 0918/1018Z 22020KT 5SM HZFU SCT010 BKN025 FM G25KT 2SM BKN030 PROB / KT 2SM SHRA OVC010 FM KT 2SM SHRA BKN025 FM KT 4SM FG OVC008

CHANGE INDICATOR - BECMG Gradual change on the 9 th day between 2000Z and 2200Z KDHN Z 0918/1018Z 00000KT 1/2SM FG VV003 BECMG 0920/ KT 2SM FGHZ FM KT 3SM -SHRA SCT008 BKN020 FM KT 4SM RA OVC020 TEMPO 1012/ KT 1SM +SHRA OVC010 FM KT 5SM BKN010 BKN030 OVC060 Property of Lear Siegler

CHANGE INDICATOR TEMPO Temporary change on the 10 th day between 1200Z and1400Z. Property of Lear Siegler KDHN Z 0918/1018Z 00000KT 1/2SM FG VV003 BECMG 0920/ KT 2SM FGHZ FM KT 3SM -SHRA SCT008 BKN020 FM KT 4SM RA OVC020 TEMPO 1012/ KT 1SM +SHRA OVC010 FM KT 5SM BKN010 BKN030 OVC060

PROBABILITY 40-49% Chance between 2200 and 2400 on the 10 th day of the month KMGM Z 0918/1018Z 22020KT 5SM HZFU SCT010 BKN025 FM G25KT 2SM BKN030 PROB / KT 2SM SHRA OVC010 FM KT 2SM SHRA BKN025 FM KT 4SM FG OVC008

P6SM –Visibility Plus 6SM NSW –No Significant Weather SKY CONDITIONS –CBOnly cloud type in TAF Low Level Wind Shear (non-TS shear w/in 2000 ft) – WS010/18040KT Placed in TAF when PIREPS report airspeed change of 20 kts or more or vertical shears of 10 kts or more per 100 ft. TAF Property of Lear Siegler

KDHN Z 0918/1018Z 00000KT 1/2SM FG VV003 BECMG 0920/ KT 2SM FGHZ FM KT 3SM -SHRA SCT008 BKN020 FM KT 4SM RA OVC020 TEMPO 1012/ KT 1SM +SHRA OVC010 FM KT 5SM BKN010 BKN030 OVC060 Property of Lear Siegler Forecast for 9 th 2300Z ?

KDHN Z 0918/1018Z 00000KT 1/2SM FG VV003 BECMG 0920/ KT 2SM FGHZ FM KT 3SM -SHRA SCT008 BKN020 FM KT 4SM RA OVC020 TEMPO 1012/ KT 1SM +SHRA OVC010 FM KT 5SM BKN010 BKN030 OVC060 Forecast for 9 th day at 1900Z?

KDHN Z 0918/1018Z 00000KT 1/2SM FG VV003 BECMG 0920/ KT 2SM FGHZ FM KT 3SM -SHRA SCT008 BKN020 FM KT 4SM RA OVC020 TEMPO 1012/ KT 1SM +SHRA OVC010 FM KT 5SM BKN010 BKN030 OVC060 Forecast for 10 th day at 1030Z ?

KDHN Z 0918/1018Z 00000KT 1/2SM FG VV003 BECMG 0920/ KT 2SM FGHZ FM KT 3SM -SHRA SCT008 BKN020 FM KT 4SM RA OVC020 TEMPO 1012/ KT 1SM +SHRA OVC010 FM KT 5SM BKN010 BKN030 OVC060 Forecast for 10 th day at 1600Z ?

KSUU 1011/ G15KT 9999 BKN180 QNH3020INS……. …BECMG 1104/ G15KT 8000 –RA BR BKN030VOVC050 QNH3005INS T11/23Z T08/13Z Visibility greater than 6SM Forecasted Altimeter Setting (hg) Travis AFB, CA 1600 meters = 1 SM 6000 meters = 4 SM 8000 meters = 5 SM 9000 meters = 6 SM 9999 meters = +6 SM 1600 meters = 1 SM 6000 meters = 4 SM 8000 meters = 5 SM 9000 meters = 6 SM 9999 meters = +6 SM Minimum Temp o C and Forecast Time Maximum Temp o C and Forecast Time

KOZR Z 15008KT 7SM SCT035 SCT080 BKN250 28/21 A3003 RMK SLP KOZR KT 9999 BKN045 BKN120 OVC250 QNH2995INS TEMPO KT SHRA BKN030 BKN120 OVC250 BECMG KT SHRA BKN030 BKN120 OVC250 QNH2992INS TEMPO 2024 VRB10G15KT TSRA BKN020CB BKN120 OVC250 BECMG KT 9999 NSW SCT020 BKN120 OVC250 QNH2997INS BECMG 0910 VRB02KT 8000 BR BKN020 BKN060 OVC250 QNH2999INS T30/21Z T17/11Z

BECMG CLR ? Property of Lear Siegler

ELO #2 ACTION: The student will interpret data contained in winds aloft forecast charts CONDITION: Given pertinent information about a winds aloft forecast STANDARD: IAW AC 00-45F

WINDS ALOFT FORECAST Property of Lear Siegler Data based on Z Valid Z FOR USE Z. TEMPS NEG ABV FT MKC Issue times: Winds and Temperature Aloft forecasts are issued 4 times per day and overlap each other by one hour (beginning and ending ). Each chart covers a specific area, usually several states.

Forecast Levels: Begin usually at 6000 feet MSL Winds will be given for 6000, 9000, 12,000, 15,000, 18,000, 24,000, 30,000, 34,000, and 39,000 foot levels

Through 15,000 feet, levels are MSL altitude, 18,000 feet and above are PA Winds are not normally given for altitudes below 1,500 feet of the surface Temps are not normally given within 2,500 feet of the surface

Wind direction Given in reference to True North to the nearest 10 degrees Shown in two digits

Wind Speeds Given in knots (2 digits) Wind Speeds of less than 5 knots are shown as 9900

2312 would be? From 230 at 12 knots 1820? From 180 at 20 knots 9900? Light and variable winds – speeds of less than 5 knots

Winds above 100 knots – Do the math! Add 50 to the direction Subtract 100 from speed

Winds from 250 degrees at 145 knots would look like? 7545 Winds from 180 degrees at 180 knots would look like? 6880 (250 direction +50 = 75, 145 knot winds = 45)

Forecast winds of 200 knots or more will be shown as 199 knots Winds from 270 at 250 knots would look like? 7799

Temperatures In Celsius (two digits), + for positive and - for negative temps Temps above 24,000 feet are always assumed to be negative

Sample Winds Aloft Forecast Data based on Z Valid Z FOR USE Z. TEMPS NEG ABV FT MKC

Flight Weather Briefing DD-Form 175-1

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Property of Lear Siegler 1200 AJL 1330 Your Signature x Previous edition may be used

Safety First… Use all resources of information in your flight planning. “Someone is waiting back home.”

ELY, NV

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