Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Tourism statistics, 1 Business Statistics and Registers 1

Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Tourism indicators Key indicators used to quantify the tourist sector in a nutshell are:  Number of international and domestic visitors (by different characteristics)  Flow of inbound visitors (by different characteristics)  Flow of domestic visitors (by different characteristics)  Flow of outbound visitors (by different characteristics)  Number of touristy trips (by different characteristics)  Tourism expenditure (by type) 2

Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Tourism indicators  Characteristics of tourism industries  Accommodation for visitors  Food and beverage serving activities  Passenger transportation for tourism  Travel agencies and other reservation activities  Employment in the tourism industries 3

Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. System of tourism statistics A System of Tourism Statistics (STS) is part of the National Statistical System (NSS) It should provide reliable, consistent and appropriate statistical information on the socio-economic aspects related to tourism The design of a national STS should be viewed as the basic coordination and integration framework of the statistical information produced by all tourism stakeholders. Concepts, definitions, classifications, data, indicators, aggregates and table of results relating to tourism are designed to provide an exhaustive description of the tourism phenomenon The new International Recommendations for Tourism Statistics 2008 (IRTS 2008) and 2008 Tourism Satellite Account: Recommended Methodological Framework (TSA: RMF 2008) constitute the updated reference framework for the STS 4

Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Aspects of tourism statistics Demand side: tourists and their behavior Supply side: tourism industries and services Economic impact Environmental impact 5

Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Definitions A traveler is someone who moves between different geographic locations for any purpose and any duration A trip refers to the travel by a person from the time of departure from his usual residence until he/she returns A visitor is a traveler taking a trip to a main destination outside his/her usual environment, for less than a year Tourism is a subset of travel and visitors are a subset of travelers 6

Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Basic concepts Economy of reference Residence: country and place of usual residence Citizenship and nationality Usual environment of an individual Tourism trips and visits Tourism and employment by resident entity 7

Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Nationality and place of usual environment Nationality is not the same as country of residence The usual environment of an individual is where an individual conducts his/her regular life routines Usual environment complements country of residence Usual environment is used to exclude travelers commuting regularly to place of work or study etc. Usual environment of an individual is the place of usual residence of the household to which he/she belongs Each household has a principal dwelling 8

Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Nationality and place of usual environment cont’d All other dwellings are considered secondary dwellings A vacation home is a secondary dwelling used for leisure Determining the place of usual residence of a household is not always straightforward Some individuals stay for long periods in more than one place and have strong links with more than one local economy If there is uncertainty about which dwelling is the principal dwelling, it is identified from the length of time spent there 9

Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Characteristics of tourist trips Trip is the travel of a visitor from the time of leaving usual residence until return; this refers to a roundtrip Inbound tourism trip refers to the travel of a visitor from the time of arriving in a country to the time of leaving Tourism trip is characterized by its main destination and main purpose Main destination is the place visited that is central to the decision to take the trip If no such place can be identified by the visitor, the main destination is the place where most time was spent 10

Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Characteristics of tourist trips cont’d If this cannot be identified, the main destination is the place farthest from the place of usual residence A domestic trip is one with a main destination within the country of residence An inbound or outbound trip is one with a main destination outside the country of residence Tourism visit refers to a stay in a place visited during a tourism trip 11

Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Forms of tourism In relation to the country of reference, it is recommended that the following three basic forms of tourism be distinguished: – Domestic tourism – Inbound tourism – Outbound tourism 12

Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Forms of tourism cont’d These three basic forms of tourism can be combined to derive other forms of tourism, in which case the following definitions should be used: – Internal tourism – National tourism – International tourism 13

Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Employment by resident entity Trip by a traveler whose main purpose is to be employed by a resident entity in the country visited should not be considered as a tourism trip Whether a traveler is deemed to be employed in the country visited is based on the existence of an employer-employee relationship As a consequence it is recommended that the following be excluded from visitors: (a) Travelers crossing the border on a regular basis in order to work in a place different from their usual residence (border workers) (b) Travelers employed under a short–term contract to work in a country other than that of their residence 14

Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. International visitors International travel: inbound and outbound travel when the country of residence of the traveler is different from the country or countries visited Two categories of international travelers arriving at the border: - international visitors (returning outbound visitors in the case of residents or arriving inbound visitors in the case of non-residents) - other international travelers not included in tourism Reasons not be included in tourism: - being in an employer-employee relationship - being within the usual environment (residents returning) - changing country of residence (immigration) Other exceptions: diplomats, consular staff, military personnel of foreign Governments, nomads and refugees, armed forces on maneuver 15

Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Flow of inbound visitors Flows of inbound visitors is relevant for national accounts and balance of payments Joint effort of national tourism administrations, national statistical offices, central banks, border control authorities is needed If administrative controls at the borders have disappeared and surveys at the border are impossible, surveys of travellers at places of accommodation may be used in parallel with other sources Administrative means of control as entry/departure cards can be complemented with surveys of travellers at the border One aim of tourism statistics is to identify visitors from other subsets of travellers 16

Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Flow of domestic visitors Domestic tourism is sometimes more important than inbound tourism Observation of the flows of domestic tourism requires different statistical procedures Accommodation statistics are an important statistical source of information on domestic and inbound visitors Separating visitors from other travelers, and domestic from inbound visitors may be difficult Information can also be obtained from household surveys Accommodation statistics are often based on a census operation of establishments Often a threshold is used in terms of a specified number of bed places 17

Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Characteristics of visitors Surveys regarding visitors and tourism trips provide information on the visitors In many countries, the characteristics of trips and visitors are established through questions on the entry/departure cards, surveys at the borders, at destination (accommodation surveys) or as part of household surveys (for domestic and outbound tourism) Entry/exit cards usually collect information on name, sex, age, nationality, current address, date of arrival or departure, purpose of trip, main destination visited and length of stay (expected on arrival and actual on departure for inbound visitors) 18

Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Characteristics of visitors Some countries match entry and exit cards by identification number Countries lacking an exhaustive control of travelers at national borders often use surveys of guests staying at collective accommodation The duration of stay is the first criterion to be applied in order to determine whether an arrival relates to a (potential) resident or a non-resident, and if a non-resident, whether it relates to a visitor 19

Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Main purpose of trips Main purpose: purpose in the absence of which the trip would not have taken place Each tourism trip has one and only one main purpose Each main purpose is associated with a group of main activities undertaken during the trip The main purpose of a trip helps to determine whether it qualifies as a tourism trip and the traveler qualifies as a visitor Information on the purpose of the tourism trip is useful for characterizing tourism expenditure patterns It is also important for planning, marketing and promotion purposes 20