Reducing fresh water consumption in high water volume consuming industries by recycling AOP- treated effluents “AOP4Water” Zmanjševanje porabe sveže vode v industriji s ponovno uporabo (recikliranjem) očiščenih odpadnih voda 13. oktober 2011, Ljubljana Pregled in koncept projekta ter prvi rezultati Trajanje: 01 januar 2011 – 31 december 2012 dr. Aleksandra Krivograd Klemenčič

2 outline  Initial situation  AOPs for advanced effluent treatment  Project objectives  Execution, time frame

3 Initial situation  O 3 for advanced effluent treatment : many advantages, good results and experience  BUT: not always economical worthwhile  Make O 3 -treatment more attractive:  Combination with H 2 O 2, UV, Ultrasound  Regions with a lack of freshwater  new water sources needed

4 AOP in effluent treatment  Ozone:  turns residual COD into biodegradable compounds  COD ↓, BOD 5 ↑, BOD 5 /COD ↑ ozone stage biofilter biological treatment paper production receiving water

5 Goal  (re-)use of AOP-treated effluents instead of freshwater  (re-)use in Pulp and paper mills Textile industry  Source: effluents from Pulp and paper mills Food processing industry Textile industry Municipal waste water Key to (re-)use:  improve the efficiency of AOP-treatment  to ensure optimum water quality  to show the possible use of the treated water

6 Execution WP 8 sustainability studies WP 2 Factory investigations WP 3 AOP trials with effluents (paper mills, textile, municipal, food) WP 4 Biodegradability-trials WP 5 Mathematical Modelling (Data analyses and system identification) WP 6 Impact of water(re-)use on process water and product quality WP 7 Water-treatment concepts AQP UL PTS Celabor WP 1 Coordination WP 9 Dissemination and use PTS

7 Time frame

Selected textile industries  TSP Maribor d.d.  POLZELA socks and stockings factory d.d. 8

9 Options of reuse of AOP-treated wastewater in textile industry - in dyeing process - in washing process - ?

10 Reservoir System pump 2.4 L/min Ozonation Generator: mg/h Internal air pump: 4-5 L/min Ventouri ozone injector Hydrogen Peroxide pump, 2.7 mL/min Hydrogen Peroxide UV > 40 mJ/cm2 λ = 253nm Max. discharge: 15 L/min Redox, pH, O 2 samplers IzVRS and ECHO Ltd. designed and constructed lab-scale pilot plant for performing AOP-trials

UV TRIALS O 3 TRIALS H 2 O 2 TRIALS Task 3.2: AOP trials – technologies used individually  Two parameters were chosen to be followed in the preliminary trials: COD and colouration.  Sampling point (at POLZELA socks and stockings factory): wastewater from the production of textiles – outflow from the equalization pond (where partial self-neutralization is present as acidic and alkaline wastewater is mixed)

Results: UV TRIALS DateNumber of cycles Processing time (min) Processing time (s) COD (mg/L)Colour (455 nm) [units PtCo] Colour residue (%) ' start ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' days , days - raw sample

13 Results: UV TRIALS λ = 253 nm Q = 2.4 L/min V = 2.4 L

Results: O 3 TRIALS DateNumber of cycles Processing time (min) Processing time (s) COD (mg/L)Colour (455 nm) [units PtCo] Colour residue (%) ' start ' ' ' ' ' ' ' day

Results: O 3 TRIALS 15 Q = 2.4 L/min V = 4.8 L Q O 3 = 500 mg/h

Results: H 2 O 2 TRIALS DateNumber of cycles Processing time (min) Processing time (s) COD (mg/L)Colour (455 nm) [units PtCo] ' start ' ' ' ' ' ' ' d

Results: H 2 O 2 TRIALS 17 Q = 2.7 L/min V = 4.8 L 2.7 mL of 30% H 2 O 2 per min added

CONCLUSIONS COD decrease: ozonation at the applied ozone concentration proved to be more efficient compared to UV irradiation (25% remaining COD at ozonation compared to 55% at UV irradiation) COLOURATION: ozonation proved to be much more efficient compared to peroxide application in colour removal (19% remaining colouration at ozonation compared to 72% at peroxide application) The amount of H 2 O 2 added needs to be adjusted and surplus avoided 18

FURTHER TRIALS Task 3.2: AOP trials – technologies used individually POLZELA (Textile factory A):  Repetitions of experiments with separately applied methods (UV, O 3 and H 2 O 2 ) (Autumn 2011)  Performing experiments with Cavitation (Autumn 2011)  Parameters to be analyzed: COD, BOD5, Colour, Nitrate, Nitrite, TSS, pH, Total hardness, Sulphate, Chloride, Iron, Manganese, Copper, Alkalinity, Turbidity 19 TSP (Textile factory B)?, municipal wastewater, removal of pharmaceuticals Trials planned to be performed in 2012

FURTHER TRIALS Task 3.3: AOP trials – technologies used combined POLZELA (Textile factory A):  UV +O 3 (Autumn 2011)  H 2 O 2 + O 3 (Autumn 2011)  US + O 3 (Autumn 2011)  US +UV (Autumn 2011)  US+ H 2 O 2 + O 3 (Autumn 2011) 20 TSP (Textile factory B), municipal wastewater, removal of pharmaceuticals Trials planned to be performed in 2012