IMPERIALISM: SEEKING OVERSEAS TERRITORIES AND TRYING TO EXPAND ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND SOCIAL CONTROL OVER THEM

Why imperialize?  Raw materials  New markets  Economic advantages  Political power worldwide  Feeling of cultural superiority and desire to spread own ideas  Keeping up with other superpowers

Why NOT imperialize?  Costs money to defend colonies  Could lead us into wars  Native people hate us  Goes against our Constitution

Alfred T. Mahan: we need naval bases!

HAWAII Good soil Along trade routes American sugar plantation owners help overthrow Queen Liliuokalani in 1893 Annexed by US in 1898; state in 1959

Spanish-American War, aka “the splendid little war,” 1898

Sinking of the Maine

De Lome letter De Lome letter

Yellow journalism

Concentration camps set up by General Valeriano Weyler

Poetry of Jose Marti, from Cuba

Fighting in Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Cuba (San Juan Hill with Rough Riders)

When war ends: Spain loses badly Cuba gains independence from Spain US acquires Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines (for $20 million)

PHILIPPINES

KEY INFORMATION Emilio Aguinaldo had led forces against Spain before US got involved, but US wants control once war is over Emilio Aguinaldo had led forces against Spain before US got involved, but US wants control once war is over Anti-Imperialist League formed in US by those against annexation Anti-Imperialist League formed in US by those against annexation Despite protests, annexed in 1899 Filipinos fight back for 3 brutal years, rebellion crushed Some self-rule by 1916, independence in 1946

CUBA

KEY INFORMATION Teller Amendment: we promise to help Cuba get independence from Spain Teller Amendment: we promise to help Cuba get independence from Spain Platt Amendment: we refuse to leave unless Cuba agrees to our terms: we can intervene, set up naval bases, i. e Guantanamo Bay Platt Amendment: we refuse to leave unless Cuba agrees to our terms: we can intervene, set up naval bases, i. e Guantanamo Bay Gained protectorate status Gained protectorate status Increased trade in early 1900s Increased trade in early 1900s Today: Cuba is communist since 1959, we have embargo (no trade) Today: Cuba is communist since 1959, we have embargo (no trade)

PUERTO RICO

KEY INFORMATION  First ruled by US as a territory  Intervention in government, then gradual self- government by 1917  Became commonwealth in 1952  Puerto Ricans are US citizens, but still maintain some independence

CHINA

KEY INFORMATION Spheres of influence in China had given control of different areas to European countries Spheres of influence in China had given control of different areas to European countries US proposes Open Door policy where all nations have trade access US proposes Open Door policy where all nations have trade access Chinese resent foreign interference Chinese resent foreign interference Boxer Rebellion as protest; fails Boxer Rebellion as protest; fails Today: most of our stuff is made in China! Today: most of our stuff is made in China!

PANAMA

KEY INFORMATION  France tries to build canal to cut time between oceans; fails  US tries to make deal for canal land with Colombia  Colombia wants more money  US helps Panama get independence from Colombia and makes deal with Panama  Dr. Gorgas—helps stop malaria from killing workers (mosquitoes, standing water)  Built  Today: control of canal returned to Panama in 2000