1 America becomes a world power: imperialism

2 The policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories DEFINITION OF IMPERIALISM The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company.

3 IMPERIALISM IN THE 19 TH AND EARLY 20 TH CENTURIES

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6 PACIFIC ISLANDS “UP FOR GRABS”

7 TRADITIONAL UNITED STATES FOREIGN POLICY WAS ISOLATIONISM “It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world” PRESIDENT GEORGE WASHINGTON, 1796

8 “Manifest destiny” extended beyond the borders of the united states

9 REASONS FOR IMPERIALISM To gain more power in the international arena by following the European example (Global Competition) Missionary zeal To gain more wealth Desire for military strength Belief in cultural superiority

10 Great Britain, a major world power, served as a role model of an imperialist power

11 Based on Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and the survival of the fittest but applied to society and politics. The wealthy are the strong and therefore have the right to rule the poor who are weak. The United States as a strong nation must dominate the weaker nations. SOCIAL DARWINISM philosopher Herbert Spencer who developed the theory of social Darwinism

12 Hawaii

13 Missionaries from the U.S. went to Hawaii in the late early 19 th century

Hawaii, Why? Missionary work Perfect stop for ships on way to Asia Sugar Pearl Harbor

15 Queen Liliuokalani, LAST QUEEN OF HAWAII FORCED TO ABDICATE HER THRONE IN 1894 UNDER PROTEST

16 SANFORD DOLE Became president of the republic of Hawaii after the queen was overthrown. Hawaii was annexed as part of the U.S. in 1898

17 Role of media U.S.S. Maine War in Cuba Philippines

18 PROBLEMS BETWEEN CUBA AND THEIR SPANISH RULERS DOMINATE AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY AT THE END OF THE 19 TH CENTURY CUBA CUBA, A COLONY OF SPAIN SINCE THE 1500'S, THE CUBAN PEOPLE REVOLTED WHICH LED TO YEARS OF WARFARE, U.S. BECAME INVOLVED

American Interest in Cuba In 1854 Cuba was under control of Spain America wanted to buy it Cubans revolted against Spain but lost. –Demanded slavery be outlawed Spain crushed Cubans –put them in concentration camps 19

20 YELLOW JOURNALISM CARTOON WHERE THE TERM “YELLOW JOURNALISM” CAME FROM IN 1898 NEWSPAPERS PROVIDED THE PUBLIC WITH INFORMATION. PEOPLE LACKED THE ABILITY TO VERIFY IF THE STORIES WERE BIASED OR INACCURATE AND THEREFORE RELIED UPON NEWSPAPERS TO TELL THE TRUTH. PULITZER AND HEARST TOOK ADVANTAGE OF THE PUBLIC’S IGNORANCE BY TWISTING THE TRUTH TO SELL MORE NEWSPAPERS. SENSATIONALIZED STORIES WERE FEATURED HEAVILY IN THEIR NEWSPAPERS SINCE EXCITING HEADLINES INCREASED CIRCULATION.

Yellow journalism is a type of journalism that downplays legitimate news in favor of eye- catching headlines that sell more newspapers. 21

22 HEARST PULITZER

23 NEWSPAPERS FOCUSED ON SPANISH ATROCITIES TOWARDS THE CUBAN PEOPLE TO IGNITE PASSIONS AGAINST SPAIN SPANISH GENERAL WEYLER WAS SEEN AS A “BUTCHER” IN THE US FOR HIS TREATMENT OF THE CUBAN PEOPLE

24 ALL THAT WAS NEEDED TO START A WAR WAS A SPARK AND THIS CAME ON FEBRUARY 15TH, 1898, IN HAVANA HARBOR. USS MAINE Battleship that blew up in harbor

25 Yellow journalists were quick to blame the Spanish

What is the message of this cartoon? 26

U.S Demanded 6 month cease fire Did not matter –America was thirsty for blood –April 20, 1898 U.S. declares war on Spain 27

28 US GATLING GUNS: AN EARLY TYPE OF MACHINE GUN

29 THEODORE ROOSEVELT AND THE “ROUGH RIDERS” IN CUBA

30 US FORCES also conquer another Spanish Colony, the Philippines

31 US OCCUPIES TWO MORE SPANISH COLONIAL POSSESSIONS Puerto Rico and Guam

Treaty of Paris, 1898 Ended the Spanish American War –Granted independence of Cuba from Spain. –U.S. helped with infrastructure. –U.S. had right to use Cuba for military 32

33 Boxer rebellion Open door policy

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35 Boxers were a group of people who did not want outside influences in China BOXER REBELLION, 1900 BOXER SOLDIER Boxer rebel

36 Boxer troops entered the foreign held Peking (Beijing) The Boxers did not want foreigners to control China

37 An international force retaliated and seized control of Peking

38 WHO ARE THE LAND GRABBERS? WHY DO YOU THINK UNCLE SAM IS TRYING TO STOP THEM? OPEN DOOR POLICY, ALL NATIONS WOULD HAVE EQUAL TRADING RIGHTS IN CHINA, SECRETARY OF STATE JOHN HAY PROPOSED THIS IN

39 Why did U.S. Do this? economy –1. the growth of U.S. economy depended on its exports. foreign markets –2. We felt we had right to intervene abroad to keep foreign markets open. economy –3. The fear of closing an area of world to trade would cripple U.S. economy. –To strengthen U.S. economy

40 TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S FOREIGN POLICY “Speak softly and carry a big stick”

41 WHAT INTERNATIONAL ROLE DID ROOSEVELT ENVISION FOR THE UNITED STATES?

42 MONROE DOCTRINE, ISSUED BY PRESIDENT MONROE IN 1823, IT FORBADE THE ESTABLISHMENT OF NEW COLONIES IN THE AMERICAS, to do so would be an act of WAR VENEZUELA CRISIS, TWO DISPUTES BETWEEN BRITAIN AND VENEZUELA AND LATER SEVERAL NATIONS AND VENEZUELA, THE U.S. STEPPED IN AND WE WERE SEEN AS A POWER IN THE REGION ROOSEVELT COROLLARY, Theodore Roosevelt added this to the Monroe Doctrine stating that the US COULD INTERVENE WHEN THE STABILITY OF ANY LATIN AMERICAN NATION WAS IN QUESTION

43 The need for a canal,Why?

44 US INTERESTS TURNED TOWARD CENTRAL AMERICA AND A QUICKER WAY OF MOVING SHIPS BETWEEN THE EAST AND WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA 15,000 MILES

45 ADVANTAGE OF AN ISTHMIAN CANAL 8,000 miles

46 PANAMA, A PROVINCE OF COLOMBIA, WAS CHOSEN FOR THE SITE OF THE PROPOSED CANAL

Big Problem! Columbia controlled Panama and wouldn’t sell the land to U.S. for the proposed $40 million. U.S. helped Panama declare independence. Where have we seen this before? 47

48 ROOSEVELT’S SOLUTION WAS TO SUPPORT A PANAMANIAN REVOLUTION IN 1921 WE PAID COLOMBIA $25 MILLION AS A WAY OF APOLOGIZING

49 WILLIAM C. GORGAS 1905 Yellow Fever Quarantine Station 1905 fumigation car eradicating the mosquitoes In Cuba Dr. Gorgas learned yellow fever was transmitted through mosquitoes. His discovery allowed the canal to be built.

50 Construction of the canal

51 miles long, 43,000 workers, 5,600 deaths, $380 million to build 51

52 Mira Flores, Panama Locks are 1,000 ft long 110 ft wide 41 ft deep 170 ft elevation change

Opening of the Panama Canal

54 Panama canal today

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