Chapter 6 Multi-cellular Organisms Lesson 1 How are living things grouped?

Vocabulary Preview Classification: process of grouping similar things together Kingdom: a major, large group of similar organisms Species: a single kind of organism that can reproduce among its own kind

Classification When you walk into your kitchen at home, you probably know where to find most things. The forks are in a certain drawer with spoons and knives. Soups, vegetables, macaroni are all in a pantry Can you think of other items in your kitchen that have a certain place? Putting similar items together in a kitchen makes cooking and cleaning up easier.

Classification… The process of classification, or grouping similar things together, makes sense in a kitchen. It also helps scientists who study living things. No one can know everything about the 10 MILLION different kinds of organisms that live on Earth. By identifying characteristics that living things share, scientists can group similar organisms together. Scientists look for similarities in the way organisms look, live, eat, move, grow, change and reproduce

CLASSIFICATION What characteristics do these two animals share?

Grouping Living Things Scientists classify for many reasons. How can classifying make things easier? It makes finding/sharing information easier When they discover a new organism they can look at other organisms they have already studied

The Five Kingdoms https://www. brocktonpublicschools One classification system divides all organisms into five kingdoms: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists, and Bacteria. What characteristics does each kingdom have?

Grouping Living Things…. Scientists classify living organisms into major, large groups called kingdoms. All members of each kingdom have certain characteristics Different methods of classification have different members of kingdoms-either five or six

Grouping Living Things….. Scientists need to classify animals together because animals are made of many cells and they feed on other living or once living things. Plants have many cells also, but they make their own food. Fungi are many-celled organisms, but they don’t make their own food. They absorb it from the remains of other organisms. Protists are one celled organisms Bacteria are all one celled organisms Their cells have no nucleus Most feed the way fungi do, but some make their own food.

Smaller Groups Kingdoms include many different organisms. The members of each group share more and more characteristics. The smallest group contains only one kind of organism.

Smaller Groups First Step: divide each kingdom into smaller groups. A Phylum-is a major group within a kingdom Organisms in a phylum have more characteristics in common than do organisms in different phyla. Phyla’s are divided into classes, classes are divided into orders, and orders are divided into families. Just as in your family, members of the same family share many characteristics Like human families, they have individual differences. A genus can contain one or more specied. A Species: is a unique kind of organism

Smaller Groups….. Every different kind of living thing has its own specific name. This name includes the names of the smallest two groups-genus and species Example: The scientific name for a house cat is Felis domesticus. Felis is the names of its genus. The names of its species is domesticus. House cats and only house cats have this name When scientists use this name they know they are only talking about house cats.

Smaller Groups…. To divide larger groups into smaller groups, scientists look for characterisitics that some members of one group have but others don’t. Example: Butterfly is the only animal in the top group that doesn’t have a backbone. Soooo the butterfly doesn’t belong to the same phylum as the other animals. At the next level, all the animals except the fish are mammals, so the fish doesn’t belong As the group gets smaller, each group includes organisms that are more alike