ClassificationClassification Biology I. Aristotle 384-322 b.c. Classified things based on if they are plant or animal Classified animals based on how.

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Presentation transcript:

ClassificationClassification Biology I

Aristotle b.c. Classified things based on if they are plant or animal Classified animals based on how they look into land, water, or air dwellers Grouped plants based on stem structure

The Science of classifying organisms is called TAXONOMY The father of modern taxonomy is Carolus Linnaeus ( ) Living organisms are classified based on how closely related they are to one another in a system of taxa

The Old System Grouped on cell type, single or multi cellular, moving or stationary

6 Kingdom Proposal Archebacteria EUbacteria Now, the Monerans are broken into two groups of bacteria

Kingdom Animalia Phylum Echinoderms Phylum Porifera Phylum Chordata Class ReptilesClass Aves Class Mammalia Order Cetacea Order Primates Order Carnivora

Ursus americanus American Black Bear Binomial nomenclature is a two-name naming system The first part of the name is the genus of the organism and is always capilalized, The second part of the name is the species and is always all lower case The entire name is underlined and italicized and are usually Latin based

Often names contain clues about the type of organism being described Canus domesticusCanus lupus Closely related organisms are often in the same genus

Domain Archaea  Formerly part of the kingdom monera  Microbiologists who study bacteria determined that the DNA of these are much different from other, true bacteria  Most Archaea live in extreme conditions (very hot, acidic/basic, sulfurous, etc)

Domain Eubacteria  Name means “true bacteria”  These are the kind of bacteria likely to make us sick, live in our gut to help us digest food, or be used in the making of cheese

Domain Eukarya Contains all of the eukaryotes (organisms with a nucleus in their cells) Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

Kingdom Protista unicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic Amoeba ParameciumGiardia Water MoldSlime Mold Euglena Dinoflagellates Diatom Brown AlgaeGreen Algae

Kingdom Fungi All eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, sessile organisms Includes: molds, mushrooms, rusts, lichens

Kingdom Plantae eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic, Bryophyte (Moss) Pteridophyte (Fern) Coniferophytes (Pine Trees) Angiosperm; Dicot Angiosperm; Monocot

Kingdom Animalia

Human Classification

Dichotomous Keys 1a. Organism has 4 legsGo to # 2 1b. Organism has more than 4 legsGo to # 20 2a. Organism has a tailGo to # 3 2b. Organism has no tailGo to # 35 3a. Organism has stripesBengal Tiger 3b. Organism has no stripesAfrican Lion

Dichotomous Keys Tool Scientists use to identify organisms using an “either/or” process “Di” meaning two “chotomous” meaning branching Start by breaking organisms into two groups, then two more, then two more, etc

Dichotomous Key Try this one: 1a. Organism walks on all 4 legs (quadruped)2 1b. Organism walks on 2 legs (biped)8 2a. Organism has visible fur3 2b. Organism has no visible fur20 3a. Organism lives in warm climates7 3b. Organism lives in cold climates4 4a. Organism has brown or black furUrsus americanus 4b. Organism has white furUrsus maritimus

Note Guide Who was Linnaeus? What are taxa? The old classification system is: The new classification system choices are: –1. –2. How are organisms scientifically named? What is the difference between the 3 domains? –1. –2. –3. Name and describe the differences between the 4 kingdoms in Eukarya: –1. –2. –3. –4.

Note Guide (pg. 2) Name and describe (or give an example of) each of the 10 phyla in Animalia: –1. –2. –3. –4. –5. –6. –7. –8. –9. –10. How would you fully classify a human? What is the purpose of a dichotomous key? How do you read a dichotomous key?