Monerans By Hugh Doyle & Geoff Hewer- Candee

Introduction Moneran is the kingdom deals with bacteria This kingdom is divided into BACTERIA and blue-green bacteria called CYANOBACTERIA Moneran cells follow the same basic life process as animal cells Unlike human cells, monerans do not have membrane bound organelles Though they are found in clumps, chains, or pairs, they survive on their own, and do not work together They are among the oldest living organisms, and are the most common organisms on earth One pinch of soil can house over a billion bacteria

Major Phyla & Species Monerans are divided into two subkingdoms – Archaebacteria – Eubacteria The two major groups are blue-green bacteria (cyanobacteria) and other bacteria The three phylum under archaebacteria are: – Methanogens Produce methane Help break down food in the intestines of animals Parasitic-like – “Symbiotic relationship” (work together) – Halophiles Live only in bodies of concentrated salt water – Thermoacidophiles Found in hot, acidic waters Can handle temperatures of 80 degrees Celsius! The three phylum under Eubacteria are: -Heterotrophs Finds food in other sorces -Autotrophs Creates own food -Chemotrophs Breaks down inorganic, chemosynthic substances such as sulfur or nitrogen compounds

Structure Unicellular Has no nucleus or organelles Contains hereditary material in the cytoplasm – One chromosome of DNA and polyamines Prokaryotic Have starch granules that store food Has a cell wall Have sheaths that allow them to stick together Bacteria often has flagella which allows them to move The jobs of organelles are done by molecules inside the cell Many have capsules Pili, or fimbriae, allows bacteria to lach onto things Three shapes: – Rod shaped (Bacillus) – Sphere (Coccus) – Spiral shaped (Spirochete)

Reproduction Practices asexual reproduction - binary fission* Newly created cells stay together, held by their sheaths. *Fission is when the cell duplicates its hereditary material and then divides into two new cells, each with a copy of the hereditary material

Feeding/Obtaining Energy They serve as a food source for other animals. Take nitrogen gas from the air and change it into ammonia. – The creation of nitrates limits the plant growth in the area. Blue-green bacteria produce oxygen as a byproduct of their photosynthesis. Other Bacteria practice respiration. Bacteria can be heterotrophic, autotrophic, or chemotrophic

Images Hot springs at Yosemite National Park BACTERIABACTERIA

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Additional reproduction notes:Bacteria share genetic information in the process of conjugation. One bacterium injects DNA into another before the cell divides into two, This slide show provides good information