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Lesson Starter 1.What instrument is accompanying? 2.What type of work is Sting performing?

Early and Renaissance Music Periods of Musical History Revision Lesson

Early and Renaissance Music In music, the word renaissance is used to describe music composed or performed between 1450 – Music composed or performed earlier than 1450 may be referred to as early or medieval music.

What We Will Learn Today By the end of today’s lesson you will be confident in identifying the following Renaissance Period Concepts: ModalMassMotet AnthemMadrigalWord Painting BallettAyrePavan Galliard

A little perspective… 1492 Columbus “discovers” North America 1431 Joan of Arc burned at the stake Scotch whiskey was invented Psychiatric hospitals Leonardo da Vinci William Shakespeare The first flushing toilet c.1591

Famous composers of Early and Renaissance music PALESTRINAMONTEVERDIBYRD

Modes Early and renaissance music was composed using a system of modes. Music in the Renaissance period sound neither Major nor Minor. No two Scales have the same sequence of tones and semitones. This means that the music from this period is modal. It is easy to identify which mode a melody is written in, all you have to do is look at the note which the melody begins and ends on, and the range of the melody.

Sacred and Secular Some of the greatest pieces of music from the renaissance period were sacred. This means they were composed for the church and worship. Although sacred music was very popular, composers began to experiment with secular music, this is non religious music, which was commonly used for entertainment and dancing.

Mass The mass is one of the largest forms of sacred music from this period. It is best described as a sacred piece of choral music, which uses the six main sections of the Roman Catholic liturgy. Six Sections of the Mass Kyrie Gloria Credo Sanctus Agnus Dei Benedictus

Some Key Features Here are some ways to help identify a mass from the Renaissance period… –A–A Mass uses Latin text –P–Polyphonic texture –S–Sung a capella –P–Plainchant Plainchant is an unaccompanied style of singing which has no regular time signature as it follows the natural rhythm of the words.

Activity 1 As you listen to the musical extract, complete the following Cloze Text question. The word _____________ can be heard clearly at the beginning of the extract and the text is sung in _____________.The texture of this piece of music is _____________. The voices which can be heard are a ______________ choir. There are _____________ instruments playing in this extract, therefore the piece is _____________ also known as ____ __________. This type of work is called a/an _____________

Answers The word _____________ can be heard clearly at the beginning of the extract and the text is sung in _____________.The texture of this piece of music is _____________. The voices which can be heard are a ______________ choir. There are _____________ instruments playing in this extract, therefore the piece is _____________ also known as ____ __________. This type of work is called a/an _____________

Motet A Motet is a sacred choral work from the Renaissance period. It has very similar features to that of a Mass. It d dd does not use religious text that is directly linked to the liturgy, so it may be used in any church service. Key Features –S–Sung A Cappella –P–Polyphonic texture –W–Written for Chorus

Activity 2 Listen to the following excerpt and tick 3 boxes to identify what you hear MinorHomophonic Texture Counter TenorPolyphonic Texture ConsortModal

Answers Listen to the following excerpt and tick 3 boxes to identify what you hear MinorHomophonic Texture Counter TenorPolyphonic Texture ConsortModal

Anthem Besides the great many Motets and Masses composed for the Catholic church services, some composers wrote Anthems to be sung during Protestant services. –S–Sung in English NOT Latin –P–Performed by a full choir –U–Unaccompanied However on some occasions the anthem may have been performed with soloists and accompanied by a consort of viols.

Activity 3 This piece of music uses strict imitation; this is an example of ________________. Sing joyfully unto God our strength. Sing loud, sing loud unto the God of Jacob. Take the song and bring forth the timbrel, The pleasant harp and the viol. Blow the trumpet in the new moon! Even in the time appointed and at our feast day. For this is a statute for Israel, and a law of the God of Jacob.

Answer This piece of music uses strict imitation; this is an example of ________________.

Madrigal The Madrigal is a secular piece of music which became popular when a collection of Italian madrigals with English words were published in England in –T–Through-composed –P–Performed A Cappella –I–Imitation –P–Polyphonic texture –W–Word Painting Thomas Campion, writing in the preface to his first book of lute songs 1601, said of it: "... where the nature of every word is precisely expressed in the note... such childish observing of words is altogether ridiculous."

Word Painting There is close association between words ad music in a mMdrigal, and the composer would use every opportunity to introduce word painting. This is where the music illustrates the words being sung, for example…

Word painting A good example of word painting is illustrated in the Madrigal As Vesta was from Latmos Hill Descending by Thomas Weelkes, shown below:

Activity 4 As Vesta was from Latmos hill descending She spied a maiden Queen the same ascending, Attended on by all the shepherds’ swain; To whom Diana’s darlings came running down amain First two by two, then three by three together Leaving their Goddess all alone, hasted thither; And mingling with the shepherds of her train, With mirthful tunes her presence did entertain. Then sang the shepherds and nymphs of Diana: Long live fair Oriana!

Answers As Vesta was from Latmos hill descending She spied a maiden Queen the same ascending, Attended on by all the shepherds’ swain; To whom Diana’s darlings came running down amain First two by two, then three by three together Leaving their Goddess all alone, hasted thither; And mingling with the shepherds of her train, With mirthful tunes her presence did entertain. Then sang the shepherds and nymphs of Diana: Long live fair Oriana!

Ballett The ballett was developed from the madrigal, originally it was danced as well as sung, and has a distinctive dance rhythm. –S–Strophic (opposite of the madrigal) –“–“Fa la la” refrain –H–Homophonic

Activity 5 In this excerpt there is an instrument playing an obbligato part. What instrument do you hear? _________________________

Answers In this excerpt there is an instrument playing an obbligato part. What instrument do you hear? _________________________

Ayre Another type of vocal music which developed from the madrigal was the ayre. An ayre is in strophic form and could be performed in a variety of ways: –B–By solo voice with a lute accompaniment –V–Voices with a consort of viols –V–Voices alone

An example of ayre sheet music. The music was printed in three directions so that all performers, seated around a table, may share the same copy of the music.

Activity 6 Listen to the following excerpt and tick 1 box in Column A and 1 box in Column B to identify what you hear. Column AColumn B AltoLute Counter TenorViol TenorSackbut

Answers Listen to the following excerpt and tick 1 box in Column A and 1 box in Column B to identify what you hear. Column AColumn B AltoLute Counter TenorViol TenorSackbut

Dance Music Pavan Slow Stately 2 beats in the bar Galliard Quick Lively 3 beats in the bar

Galliard

Activity 7 How did we do?...