XI.The Birth of the Whigs and the Election of 1836 New political party = Whigs (remember 18 th cent. British and Revolutionary American opposition to monarchy of “King Andrew”) Anti-Jackson supporters, supporters of Clay’s American System, southern states’ rightists ag. Jackson’s stand on nullification; northern industrialists and merchants, Anti-Masons Election of 1836 – run several “favorite sons” to send election to H of R; narrow down to Gen. Wm. H. Harrison Van Buren 765, Harrison740,000124con’t

Jackson’s Legacy? PRO Strengthened executive branch Showed importance of West Led common people into national politics Established Democratic party Showed common man was trustworthy with vote Vigorous and durable two-party system CON Encouraged spoils system Damaged nation’s financial system because no sound central bank as we entered era of industrialization

XII. Big Woes for the “Little Magician” Van Buren – 1 st president born under US flag Hardships from the beginning –Resented by many Democrats because of how he had gotten into office –Easygoing compared to Jackson –Inherited Jackson’s enemies –Troubles with Canada –Antislavery agitation in North, esp. over Texas –Inherited a depression due to Jackson’s policies

XIII. Depression Doldrums and the Independent Treasury Panic of 1837 –Due to rampant speculation in western lands,Wildcat banks, Specie Circular, Failures of wheat crops, British banks had failed causing them to call in loans –Banks collapsed, prices fell, sales of public lands drops, customs revenues decreased, factories closed, many unemployed Whigs suggest expansion of bank credit, higher tariffs, subsidies for internal improvements Divorce Bill – divorce gov’t from banking completely –leads to Independent Treasury Bill in 1840

XIV. “Tippecanoe” versus “Little Van” Election of 1840 –Dem. = Van Buren (“Martin Van Ruin”) Made mistake of insulting Harrison as “log cabin and hard cider” He was actually an FFV –Whigs = Harrison (“Tippecanoe + Tyler, too”) Helped by economic problems, no platform published Portrayed Van Buren as an aristocrat

XV. The Log Cabins + Hard Cider of 1840 Campaign reached an intellectual low! Harrison1,275, Van Buren1,128, Vote was a protest against hard times Democrats confused, but remained stronger than the Whigs

XVI. The Two-Party System Emerges Jackson’s legacy – formation of a vigorous and durable two-party system Grew out of Jeffersonian republicanism Dem. = liberty of the individual; ag. privilege, states’ rights, federal restraint Whigs = use government, ag. sectional conflict; renewed national bank, protective tariffs, internal improvements, public schools, moral reforms Both = mass-based, mobilize voters, all social classes and all sections included, encourages compromise within each party; retards sectional parties growth

Who said this? My own course is decided—all the other Banks and all the merchants may break, but the Bank of the United States shall not break.

Nichola s Biddle, 1834

Who said this? While an enemy to your independence remains in Texas, the work is incomplete; but when liberty is firmly established by your patience and valor, it will be fame enough to say, “I was a member of the army of San Jacinto.”

Sam Houston message to Texas army, 1836

Who said this? Why the deuce is it that they have such an itching for abusing me? I try to be harmless and positively good- natured, and a most decided friend of peace.

Martin Van Buren comment on newspapers 1822

AP Question #1 President Jackson resolved the nullification crisis in South Carolina through a combination of A. Threats of force and gradual tariff reductions B. Assimilation of Native American lands and federal interventions C. Threats of federal intervention in the internal affairs of the state D. Promises of future tariff reductions and a stricter fugitive slave law E. Pressuring the Supreme Court

AP Question #2 In response to the Supreme Court’s ruling in Worcester v. Georgia, President Jackson A. Supported the decision with the backing of the US Army B. Supported the removal of the Cherokee in order to open Georgia lands to mining and settlement C. Supported the decision but was reluctant to commit troops D. Supported the removal of the Cherokee to preserve their culture E. Supported the Chief Justice but not the decision

AP Question #3 The Whig party was most identified with A. The policies of Martin Van Buren B. Catholic immigrants from Europe C. Radical reforms during the Jacksonian era D. The nationalism of Henry Clay and opposition to Jacksonian principles E. The growing temperance movement

AP Question #4 The Trail of Tears refers to A. White settlers who died on the way to the Oregon territory B. The reaction to the Panic of 1837 C. Tragic losses in the fighting over Florida D. The forced relocation of the Cherokee to Oklahoma E. The exodus of the Mormons to Missouri

AP Question #5 Jackson opposed nullification because he A. Was a landed slave owner B. Had supported the Tariff Acts of 1828 and 1832 C. Was a westerner D. Disliked Calhoun and feared that acceptance of the doctrine would undermine the Union E. Was a former supporter of the Federalist Party