Estimating Probabilities by Collecting Data

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Estimating Probabilities by Collecting Data

Carnival Game Partner up (one group of 3 if necessary) At the school carnival, there is a game in which students spin a large spinner. The spinner has four equal sections numbered 1–4 as shown below. To play the game, a student spins the spinner twice and adds the two numbers that the spinner lands on. If the sum is greater than or equal to 5, the student wins a prize.

Complete the Table Spin the spinner and record your results in the table. On the back of the paper there are some questions for you to answer about the game.

1. Out of the 15 turns how many times was the sum greater than or equal to 5? 2. What sum occurred most often? 3. What sum occurred least often? 4. If students were to play a lot of games, what proportion of the games would they win? Explain your answer. 5. Name a sum that would be impossible to get while playing the game. 6. What event is certain to occur while playing the game?

A chance experiment is the process of making an observation when the outcome is not certain (that is, when there is more than one possible outcome).

When you were spinning the spinner and recording the outcomes, you were performing a chance experiment. You can use the results from a chance experiment to estimate the probability of an event. In the example above, you spun the spinner 𝟏𝟓 times and counted how many times the sum was greater than or equal to 𝟓. An estimate for the probability of a sum greater than or equal to 𝟓 is

Formula for Calculating Probability In simple terms: # 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 ℎ𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 # 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑑

Animal Crackers A student brought a very large jar of animal crackers to share with students in class. Rather than count and sort all the different types of crackers, the student randomly chose 20 crackers and found the following counts for the different types of animal crackers. Estimate the probability of selecting a zebra.

Closing In the following problems, round all of your decimal answers to 3 decimal places. Round all of your percents to the nearest tenth of a percent. A student randomly selected crayons from a large bag of crayons. The table below shows the number of each color crayon in a bag. Now, suppose the student were to randomly select one crayon from the bag.

1. What is the probability of selecting a blue crayon? 2. What is the of selecting a brown crayon? 3. What is the probability of selecting a red crayon or a yellow crayon? 4. What is the probability of selecting a pink crayon? 5. Which color is most likely to be selected? 6. If there are 300 crayons in the bag, how many will be red? Justify your answer.