Environmental Science and Resource Management ESRM R100 Kevin Flint Wednesdays 4 – 6:50 P.M.

Fig. 1-1, p. 6 Industrial Revolution ? Agricultural revolution Hunting and Gathering Billions of people Time Black Death—the Plague

Fig. 1-2, p. 7 Air (atmosphere) ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Human CulturesphereEarth's Life-Support System Politics Population Size Worldviews and ethics Economics Life (biosphere) Soil and rocks (lithosphere) Water (hydrosphere)

Fig. 1-3, p. 8 Sound Science A Path to Sustainability Individuals Matter Trade-OffsSolutions Natural Capital Degradation Natural Capital

Fig. 1-4, p. 9 += NATURAL RESOURCESNATURAL SERVICES NATURAL CAPITALNATURAL RESOURCESNATURAL SERVICES Air Air purification Water purification Water storage Soil renewal Nutrient recycling Food production Conservation of biodiversity Wildlife habitat Grassland and forest renewal Waste treatment Climate control Population control (species interactions Pest Control NATURAL CAPITAL=+ Water Soil Land Nonrenewable minerals (iron, sand) Life (Biodiversity) Renewable energy sun, wind, water flows Nonrenewable energy (fossil fuels, nuclear power) NATURAL RESOURCES NATURAL SERVICES

Fig. 1-5, p. 11 Percentage of World's Population Developing countries Developed countries Pollution and waste Resource use Wealth and Income Population Growth

Fig. 1-6, p. 11

Fig. 1-7a, p. 13

Fig. 1-7b, p. 13

Fig. 1-7c, p. 13

Environmental Footprint Survey Environmental Footprint Link

Fig. 1-10, p. 17 Depletion of nonrenewable resources SOLAR CAPITAL Human Capital Human Economic and Cultural Systems Pollution and waste Degradation of renewable resources Heat Goods and services Natural Capital EARTH

Fig. 1-11, p. 17 Causes of Environmental Problems Trying to manage and simplify nature with too little knowledge about how it works Not including the environmental costs of economic goods and services in their market prices PovertyUnsustainable resource use Population growth

Fig. 1-12, p. 18

Fig. 1-15, p. 23 Trade-Offs Industrial-Medical Revolution AdvantagesDIsadvantages Mass production of useful and affordable products Higher standard of living for many Greatly increased agricultural production Lower infant mortality Longer life expectancy Increased urbanization Lower rate of population growth Increased air pollution Increased waste pollution Soil depletion and degradation Groundwater depletion Habitat destruction and degradation Biodiversity depletion Increased water pollution

Fig. 1-17, p. 25 Reduce human births and wasteful resource use to prevent environmental overload and depletion and degradation of resources. Controls a species’ population size and resource use by interactions with its environment and other species. Runs on renewable solar energy. Rely mostly on renewable solar energy. Recycles nutrients and wastes. There is little waste in nature. Uses biodiversity to maintain itself and adapt to new environ- mental conditions. Prevent and reduce pollution and recycle and reuse resources. Preserve biodiversity by protecting ecosystem services and habitats and preventing premature extinction of species. Solutions Principles of Sustainability How Nature WorksLessons for Us

Fig. 1-16, p. 24

Fig. 1-18, p. 25 Current Emphasis Sustainability Emphasis Pollution cleanup Waste disposal (bury or burn) Protecting species Environmental degradation Pollution prevention (cleaner production) Waste prevention and reduction Protecting where species live (habitat protection) Environmental restoration Less wasteful (more efficient) resource use Increased resource use Population growth Depleting and degrading natural capital Population stabilization by decreasing birth rates Protecting natural capital and living off the biological interest it provides

Fig. 26-2, p. 616 More holistic More atomistic Biosphere- or Earth-centered Ecosystem-centered Biocentric (life-centered) Anthropocentric (human-centered) Instrumental values play bigger role Intrinsic values play bigger role Self-centered Environmental wisdom Stewardship Planetary management

Planetary Management We are apart from the rest of nature and can manage nature to meet our increasing needs and wants. Because of our ingenuity and technology we will not run out of resources. The potential for economic growth is essentially unlimited. Our success depends on how well we manage the earth's life support systems mostly for our benefit. Stewardship We have an ethical responsibility to be caring managers, or stewards, of the earth. We will probably not run out of resources, but they should not be wasted. We should encourage environmentally beneficial forms of economic growth & discourage environmentally harmful forms. Our success depends on how well we manage the earth's life support systems for our benefit and for the rest of nature. Environmental Wisdom We are a part of and totally dependent on nature and nature exists for all species. Resources are limited, should not be wasted, and are not all for us. We should encourage earth sustaining forms of economic growth & discourage earth degrading forms. Our success depends on learning how nature sustains itself and integrating such lessons from nature into the ways we think and act. Fig. 26-3, p. 617 Environmental Worldviews

Fig. 26-6, p. 622 Solutions Developing Environmentally Sustainable Societies GuidelinesStrategies Learn from & copy natureSustain biodiversity Eliminate poverty Do not degrade or deplete the earth's natural capital, and live off the natural income it provides Develop eco-economies Build sustainable communities Do not use renewable resources faster than nature can replace them Take no more than we need Do not reduce biodiversity Use sustainable agriculture Depend more on locally available renewable energy from the sun, wind, flowing water, and sustainable biomass Try not to harm life, air, water, soil Emphasize pollution prevention and waste reduction Do not change the world's climate Do not overshoot the earth's carrying capacity Do not waste matter and energy resources Help maintain the earth's capacity for self-repair Recycle, reuse, and compost 60–80% of matter resources Repair past ecological damage Maintain a human population size such that needs are met without threatening life support systems Leave the world in as good a shape as—or better than—we found it Emphasize ecological restoration

Fig. 2-2, p. 29 Well-tested and accepted patterns in data become scientific laws Interpret data Ask a question Do experiments and collect data Formulate hypothesis to explain data Do more experiments to test hypothesis Revise hypothesis if necessary Well-tested and accepted hypotheses become scientific theories

Fig. 2-13, p. 44 Low-temperature heat (100°C or less) for space heating Moderate-temperature heat (100–1,000°C) for industrial processes, cooking, producing steam, electricity, and hot water Very high-temperature heat (greater than 2,500°C) for industrial processes and producing electricity to run electrical devices (lights, motors) Mechanical motion to move vehicles and other things) High-temperature heat (1,000–2,500°C) for industrial processes and producing electricity Dispersed geothermal energy Low-temperature heat (100°C or lower) Normal sunlight Moderate-velocity wind High-velocity water flow Concentrated geothermal energy Moderate-temperature heat (100–1,000°C) Wood and crop wastes High-temperature heat (1,000–2,500°C) Hydrogen gas Natural gas Gasoline Coal Food Electricity Very high temperature heat (greater than 2,500°C) Nuclear fission (uranium) Nuclear fusion (deuterium) Concentrated sunlight High-velocity wind Source of Energy Relative Energy Quality (usefulness) Energy Tasks

Fig. 2-14, p. 45 Chemical energy (food) Solar energy Waste Heat Waste Heat Waste Heat Waste Heat Mechanical energy (moving, thinking, living) Chemical energy (photosynthesis)

Fig. 2-15, p. 46 High-quality energy Matter Unsustainable high-waste economy System Throughputs Inputs (from environment) Outputs (into environment) Low-quality energy (heat) Waste and pollution

Fig. 2-16, p. 47 Recycle and reuse Low-quality Energy (heat) Waste and pollution Pollution control Sustainable low-waste economy Waste and pollution Matter Feedback Energy Feedback Inputs (from environment) Energy conservation Matter Energy System Throughputs Outputs (into environment)