STDs caused by Bacteria Chlamydia, Gonorrhea Syphilis

Chlamydia Most common Bacterial STD Transmitted 2 million people currently infected 3 million more will acquire it this year Transmitted Through sexual activity During childbirth

Symptoms of Chlamydia 85% of women and 40% of men have no symptoms Vaginal or urethral discharge Burning with urination Pelvic Pain (women) Swelling and tenderness of the scrotum (men) Genital ulcers

Long-term effects of Chlamydia Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Can damage the fallopian tubes and result in tubal scarring and infertility Causes 25% of the infertility in women pursuing in vitro fertilization in the US Symptoms Pelvic and abdominal pain Fever Abnormal vaginal bleeding Ectopic (tubal) pregnancy Infants Illness Blindness

Diagnosis and Treatment Diagnosis – lab test (genital fluids or urine) Treated easily IF caught early Treatment Oral antibiotics Newborn infants routinely receive antibiotic eye drops/ointment to prevent eye infection

Gonorrhea

Symptoms of Gonorrhea Discharge from vagina or urethra Pain during urination Abnormal vaginal bleeding (“spotting”) – women Pain and swelling around the testicles – men 25-80% of women and a smaller percentage of men have no symptoms

Long-term effects of Gonorrhea Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Pregnant women Spontaneous abortion Premature rupture of membranes Preterm birth May infect amniotic fluid Blindness Joint infection Life-threatening blood infections

Diagnosis and Treatment Diagnosis – Body fluids will be examined and tested Treatment Oral or injectable antibiotics After treatment, infected individuals should be re-examined and tested again

Syphilis

Syphilis Number of cases is again on the rise Between 1940’s and 2000 – number of cases fell from approximately 100,000 to less than 6,000 Today, beginning to rise again (36,000) Called “The Great Imitator” Many of the signs/symptoms resemble other diseases Transmitted Sexual activity Contact with syphilitic sores Passed to infants during childbirth

Symptoms of Syphilis Primary Stage (10-90 days after infection) Single sore (chancre) Firm, round and painless Occurs at spot where Syphilis entered body Heals in 3-6 weeks if left untreated Secondary Stage (2-8 weeks after infection) Itch-less rash Flu-like symptoms Fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, patchy hair loss, headaches, weight loss, muscle aches and fatigue

Symptoms (cont) Latent stage (2 or more years after) Signs disappear and think cured Attacks heart, blood vessels, and CNS Late stage (10 to 30 years after) Heart, skin, brain, spinal cord affected Cannot be cured at this stage

Diagnosis and Treatment Diagnosis – blood test Treatment Can be cured if caught early Antibiotic Will not repair or reverse the damage already caused by the disease A single intramuscular injection of penicillin, an antibiotic, will cure a person who has had syphilis for less than a year.

STD’s caused by Viruses HPV, Genital herpes, Hepatitis, HIV CANNOT BE CURED!!!

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) More than 100 strains of HPV 40 cause genital infections 6.2 million Americans are infected with genital HPV each year 50% of sexually active Americans are or have been infected 20 million currently have the virus Another 80 million have been infected some time in the past In 90% of cases, the body’s immune system clears the HPV infection naturally within two years By the age of 50, 80% of women will have acquired genital HPV Transmission Genital Skin-to-skin contact Contact with infected body fluids

Symptoms of HPV Most patients have no symptoms Genital and Anal Warts 7% of infected people

Long-term effects of HPV Cervical Cancer – Women Genital Cancers – Men

Diagnosis and Treatment abnormalities detected on a Pap Smear – women Most asymptomatic men do not know they are infected Treatment Topical medications applied to the wart Decrease in size and disappear Surgical removal (burning with a laser) Freezing Even with treatment, warts will often return

Herpes 2

Genital Herpes Most common sexually transmitted viral infection in US 45 million people infected 1 in 5 American age 12 or over have genital herpes 2 types of herpes HSV-1 and HSV-2 Most cases of genital herpes are HSV-2 Greatest risk factor is the total number sexual partners a person has had in their life

Transmission of Herpes Skin to skin contact Kissing with a sore Touching a sore Sexual activity Exposure to infected body fluids During childbirth

Symptoms of Herpes Initial infection Other symptoms Fever, headache and muscle aches Lesions appear in area of exposure Blisters which break and become ulcers About 8 days after exposure Painful and often burn or itch Other symptoms Burning with urination, vaginal or urethral discharge, tender swollen lymph nodes Recurrent outbreaks Skin lesions

Long-term effects of Herpes NO CURE!!! Can transmit to others even at time when not experiencing symptoms 90% will experience at least one recurrence within 12 months of initial episode Recurrences can occur for the remainder of the person’s life Risk of spontaneous abortion and premature birth

Diagnosis and Treatment Diagnosis – Viral cultures As many as 90% do not know they are infected Treatment Anti-viral medications Reduces the duration and intensity of symptoms

Being Responsible About STDs Seek medical help right away Complete the full course of medications Have follow up testing done Avoid all sexual activity while being treated Notify ALL sexual partners

Contraceptives Don’t Stop STDs

Safe Sex? Safer… but not Safe Sex

Birth Control Pills Female hormones that are taken orally every day to prevent ovulation or affect the lining of the uterus so that it cannot support and nourish a fertilized egg. Does NOT protect from STDs or HIV.

Think about it… Approximately 1 in every 5 people using condoms for pregnancy protection will get pregnant during the first year

100% WAY TO AVOID GETTING ONE OF THOSE!! ABSTINENCE 100% WAY TO AVOID GETTING ONE OF THOSE!!

HIV and AIDS AIDS – Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome – a disease in which the immunes system of the patient is weakened 1982 – 1600 cases were reported…700 deaths resulted 2000 – AIDS was the 5th leading cause of death among adults from 25-44 years HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus – a virus that attacks the immune system Causes AIDS

Teens at Risk Teen have one of the fastest growing rates of HIV

HIV and the Human Body As the number of viruses increase…the number of T cells decrease…the immune system is weakened Opportunistic infections – infections that occur in individuals who do not have healthy immune systems HIV is progressive It destroys the cells of the immune system over many months or years AIDS is the advanced stage of HIV

Transmission of HIV NOT transmitted by Toilet seats Telephones Food Being in the same area Casual physical contact – shaking hands and hugging Insect bites Sweat Sneezing HIV lives inside cells and body fluids Transmitted though… Blood Semen Vaginal secretions Breast milk

Transmission of HIV Sexual intercourse Secretions containing HIV can enter a partner’s blood Increases with number of sexual partners Increases by having another STD that causes sores Chlamydia, herpes, gonorrhea, syphilis Sharing needles through IV drug use or Un-sanitized tattooing or piercing needles Mother to baby Through the umbilical cord During delivery While nursing

Staying safe Knowledge is the best defense! Abstinence from sexual activity or using drugs Avoid pressure situations Practice refusal skills Choose relationships carefully

HIV TESTING ELISA TEST- more general, less specific, and less expensive. A person must have 2 positive ELISA TEST to take the Confirmation Test that is more expensive. Western Blot Test- this is the Confirmation Test a person is given when they have 2 positive ELISA TEST. This test is more expensive and more specific.