Density Measuring the Density of Matter. What is Density Different substances may have the same mass, but they don’t necessarily fill the same volume.

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Presentation transcript:

Density Measuring the Density of Matter

What is Density Different substances may have the same mass, but they don’t necessarily fill the same volume. Density is the measurement of how much mass is contained in a given volume.

How to calculate Density To calculate the density of an object, divide its mass by its volume. Density = Mass/Volume A unit of density is always a unit of mass, such as grams, divided by a unit of volume, such as cubic centimeters.

How to calculate Density One typical unit of density is written as “g/cm 3,” which is read as “grams per cubic centimeter.” The word per means “for each,” which in mathematics is the same as “divided by.” For liquids, density is often stated in grams per milliliter, or g/mL, which is the same as g/cm 3

Density Sometimes you can compare the densities of substances just by observing them. For example, suppose you have a solid block of wood, and a solid block of gold. When you drop each block into a tub of water, the wood floats and the gold sinks.

Density The density of water is 1.0 g/cm 3. You can conclude that the wood has a density lower than 1.0g/cm 3. In contrast, the density of the gold is greater than 1.0 g/cm 3.

Density Watch a bottle of oil-and-vinegar salad dressing after it’s been shaken. You will see oil droplets rise toward the top of the bottle. Eventually the oil forms a separate layer above the other ingredients. What can you conclude?

Density You’re right if you said the oil is less dense than the rest of the liquid dressing. The density of a substance is the same for all samples of that substance For example, all samples of pure gold have a density of 19.3 g/cm 3. Therefore, density is another example of a chemical property.

Solve the following problem: A small block of wood has a volume of 25 cubic centimeters and a mass of 20 grams. What is the density of the wood? Will it float in water?

How to solve D = mass/volume Mass = 20 g Volume = 25 cm 3 ? = 20g/ 25 cm 3 Density = 0.8 g/cm 3 Will it float in water? Yes because the density is less than 1.o g/cm 3 which is the density of water.

Solve the following problem A rectangular block of copper metal weighs kg. The dimensions of the block are 8.4 cm by 5.5 cm by 4.6 cm. From this data, what is the density of copper?

How to solve D = m/v Mass = kg = 1896 g Volume = l x w x h = 8.4 x 5.5 x 4.6 = cm 3 D = 1896 g/ cm 3 D = 8.92 g/cm 3