eGovernment in Estonia – organization, policies, frameworks Arvo Ott, PhD, e-Governance Academy Vinnytsia

eEstonia 76 % of population are Internet users 63 % of the households have a computer at home, 82 % of home computers connected to Internet. over 700 Public Internet Access Points in Estonia, 51 per people. More than smart-card type ID- cards issued 94% (citizens) of tax declarations were e- declarations (2011), 97% businesses 94% of banking transaction on-line. 1 place in Internet Banking – (next are Norway, Nederlands, New Zealand…. Finland in the 6th place) 24th (all 134, Ukraine 75) place in Network Readiness index 2012.

eEstonia In August 2000, the Government of Estonia changed its Cabinet meetings to paperless sessions using a web-based document system.

Balanced e-Governance Combination of electronic services and participatory services e- GOVERNMENT Transaction of user-oriented services offered by government that are based on information and communication technologies. e-DEMOCRACY Digitally conveyed information (transparency) and the political influence (participation) exerted by citizens and business on the opinion- forming processes of public – state and non-state –institutions

Parental benefit – best eGov service in 2004 (interoperability of 5 information systems from 5 goverment institutions) eGovernment example:

Tax declarations on-line

eParticipation example: E-Voting in Estonia ( e-voters in 2011!)

Organization Legal framework Fiscal framework Technical architecture eGovernment Policy / Strategy

Questions: IT policy as the driving force for change? Centralized vers. decentralized? Coordination vers. direct management? Implementation of strategies Organization –Coordination tools: Regulations Budget planning Human resource planning “soft methods” – training, discussion, awareness building etc.

Driving forces of eGov Stable and functioning organizational setup for coordination. Leadership and political will. Fixed info-political principles. PPP, good telecom infrastructure and high level of eBanking Supporting legal and fiscal frameworks. Interoperable ICT architecture.

Parliament Government Ministries Informatics Council INFORMATIONPOLICYINFORMATIONPOLICY ACTION PLANACTION PLAN Framework COALITIONAGREEMENTCOALITIONAGREEMENT

Example: Fixed info-political principles in Estonia Citizen (customer) orientation Leading role for the private sector Efficient and transparent public sector. eDemocracy and participation. Functioning model for protection of personal data Measures against digital divide (ID-cards example…) Neutrality concerning technological platforms etc. Citizen (customer) orientation Leading role for the private sector Efficient and transparent public sector. eDemocracy and participation. Functioning model for protection of personal data Measures against digital divide (ID-cards example…) Neutrality concerning technological platforms etc.

Government County governments County governments IT managers Local governments Local governments Representative IT councils of counties Local government associations Representative ICT work groups of counties Council representative Informatics Council Department of State Information Systems (RISO) IT manager Informatics Centre IC secretariat ICT work groups of ministries IT councils of ministries Ministries Management representatives & IT managers of ministries Subordinate agencies Subordinate agencies IT managers Councils directors MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS AND COMMUNICATIONS

ICT work group of regional development eGov Center (CIO office) eGov imple- menting institution ICT work group of ministries Ministries CIO-s Reform initiatives ICT Budget Regulation initiatives eGov budget planning monitoring of implementation Interoperability Framework agreements State Chancellery / Ministry project procurement, supervision, implementation systems maintenance end user training IT Businesses

Government Committee “Estonian Informatics Council” - advice to the Government on Information Policy matters All ministries (11 ministries) have CIOs. Ministries are relatively independent. Boards and inspectorates are subordinated to the ministries. There are IT councils of ministries who are coordinating the work in their fields of responsibility. All County Governments (15) have also CIOs, who manage the work of IT-councils of counties. County Governments are state bodies. There are several municipalities (local governments with independent budgets) in the counties (altogether ca. 220). County IT councils have members from municipalities.

Nature of documentName of DocumentNature of regulation Policy and strategy documents eGov Strategy, Interoperability Framework Infopolitical agreement, strong recommendation Laws and sub-actsDatabases acts, Personal Data Protection Act, Digital Signature Act etc. Compulsory Framework descriptionsArchitecture descriptions Strong recommendation Interoperability Related Standards Documents, digital signature, security, message transfer etc. Advise and recommendation

Separate article of state budget: expenses for IT- subdivided into HW, SW and project work ordered from outside of government structures. For the last 8 years this budget has formed about 1% of the state budget. All ministries, county governments and boards have independent IT budgets which are planned in cooperation of all CIOs. For joint actions of several ministries the IT budget is often included in the budget of the ministry that is coordinating the work. Budgeting

National chip-based Identity Card Issuing authority: Estonian Citizenship and Migration Board Service contractor: TRÜB Switzerland Start of issue:January 1, 2002 Conformance with: ICAO Doc part 3 Inside 16 Kb RSA crypto chip are : 2 private keys; authentication certificate; digital signature certificate; personal data file

KIT Citizen view EIT Enterpriser view AIT Public servant view National Databases Register Population Register Health Insurance Register National Pension Insurance Register Vehicle Register Tallinna Vesi IS Eesti Energia IS Internet - X-road Databases / information systems Banks Central server I Central server II Central monitoring HelpDesk X-road certification center X-road center Tools centrally developed by the State, i.e. the State Portal Certification Center ID – card Ühispank Hansapank Krediidipank Sampo Pank Nordea Pank Security server Security server Security server Security server Security server Security server Security server Security server :: … :: :: E-institution – institution view :: :: E-county – county view :: :: Governmental Portal – Your Estonia :: Institutional view of the state Thematic view of the state Security server Popul. ~1,3 mil.

Lessons learned - 1 Cooperation and coordination is the key, technology is the simplest part. Important role of Centre in coordination of the actions. Training of CIO-s (IT managers) and partners from private sector Medium push from legal framework Figuring out what might be the motivation Procurement procedures and rules can destroy initial project plans Step-by-step approach, no need to enter to “business” of the “back-office”

Lessons learned - 2 Process from operational technical system to wide implementation takes 2-3 years – “honeymoon period” of the project Money, spent once for development of basic components of the architecture will give high profit in the phase of development of single e-services… but it will be clear only after several years… and this might not be the motivation for public institutions Driving force is often not from the top management of public institution but somewhere else – find this person …

Thank you for your attention! Arvo Ott, PhD Director eGovernance Academy