MATTER PURE SUBSTANCE ELEMENTCOMPOUND Carbon (C)H2OH2O MIXTURE ? NOW LETS DISCOVER MATTER AS MIXTURES THUS FAR WE HAVE REVIEWED MATTER AS PURE SUBSTANCES.

Classification Matter Has mass and takes up space Mixture Variable Composition Substance Define composition Compound Two or more kinds of atoms Element One kind of atom Heterogeneous Unevenly mixed Homogeneous Evenly mixed

Solution Process A mixture is formed by two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically joined. example: salt and pepper Mixture can be: Homogeneous Evenly mixed Heterogeneous Unevenly mixed

The two types of Mixtures : Classifying mixtures 2) HETEROGENEOUS1) HOMOGENEOUS Homogeneous Evenly mixed Heterogeneous Unevenly mixed Mixture is formed by two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically joined. example: salt and pepper

The Two Types of Mixture 1. Solution is a homogeneous mixture in which one substances is dissolved in another substance. It consists of a solute and solvent. Solvent is the substance in which the solute is dissolved Solute is the substance dissolved in the solution. When sugar, a solute and water a solvent are mixed, a water sugar solution is formed.

2. Suspension is a mixture of water with non-dissolve material Example sand and water The Two Types of Mixture (Cont.)

Solute is the substance dissolved in the solution –Particles may be ions, atoms, or molecules Solvent is the substance in which the solute is dissolved

Mixtures Summary Heterogeneous Mixture (Suspension) Homogeneous Mixture (Solution) Not evenly mixedEvenly mixed Individual components retain their own properties Properties of combined components are usually different than those of each component Individual components can be easily seen Individual components can not be easily seen Can be easily separatedNot as easily separated Ex.: salt & pepper mix, rocks, cereal, bag of assorted candy Ex. salt-water solution, tea, kool-Aid drink

Solubility Solubility is the amount of a substance that can dissolve in 100 grams of solvent at a given time. The ability of a solvent to dissolve a solute depends on temperature and molecular structure. Like dissolve like: When the temperature of a liquid increases, The solubility of the solvent increases.

SOLUBILITY GRAPH

Classifying Matter Matter Pure SubstancesMixtures ElementsCompounds HomogeneousHeterogeneous He, OH 2 O, NaCl Tea, kool-aid Rocky Road ice cream, muddy water Review: How matter is classified

1.Tossed salad 2.Salt water 3.Kool-aid 4.Muddy water 5.OJ with pulp Practice Problems 1. He 2. Ho 3. Ho 4. He 5. He 6. Ho 7. He 8. He 9. He 10. Ho 6. Tea 7. Banana nut bread 8. Pizza 9. Blood 10. Brass Determine whether each is a heterogeneous or homogeneous mixture: Answers: Return to index

Classify the following substances as: Pure substance, heterogeneous mixture, or homogeneous mixture GatoradeHomogenous mixture Fruit LoopsHeterogeneous mixture Pure substance Gasoline Dirt Heterogeneous mixture Sugar Crystals Pure Substance Air Homogeneous mixture Granite Heterogeneous mixture Return to index More review

1)We are studying CHEMISTRY, the study of ________and how it ________. 2)Matter is anything that has___ and takes up ___. 3)___ are the basic building blocks of matter. 4)Matter can be classified as either a ___ or a ___. 5)Substances are either ___ or ___. 1. matter, changes 2. mass, space 3. atoms 4. pure substance, mixture 5. elements, compounds Return to index Answers:

MATTER AS MIXTURES Mixtures are combinations of 2 or more substances where each substance retains its individual properties. HOW ARE MIXTURES DIFFERENT FROM COMPOUNDS? HOW ARE MIXTURES LIKE COMPOUNDS?THEY ARE MADE FROM TWO OR MORE SUBSTANCES MIXTURES DO NOT FORM CHEMICAL BONDS.

…a mixture that is the same throughout. A homogeneous mixture has a composition and properties that are identical regardless of the sample  one phase  uniformly mixed  won’t settle out  small particles Ways to identify a homogeneous mixture: A SOLUTION is another name for a homogeneous mixture is

… a mixture that is visibly different throughout. Heterogenous mixtures have a composition and properties that differ in any given sample.  not uniformly mixed  more than one phase  will settle out  larger particles is Ways to identify a heterogeneous mixture:

HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES There are special types of heterogeneous mixtures: Suspensions-appear uniform when mixed but settle out. –Chocolate Quik –Muddy water –Pulpy oj –Oil & Vinegar dressing Colloids-appear uniform but they do not settle out. However, their particles are too large to be classified as a homogeneous solution. –Gelatin –Smoke –Fog –mayonnaise

Pure Substances –Made of either elements or compounds that are chemically bonded. –Cannot be separated by physical means. –When combined they take on new properties different from the original elements. –Examples: Glucose: C 6 H 12 O 6 Table Salt: NaCl Oxygen Gas: O 2 Carbon Dioxide CO 2 Mixtures: –Two or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined. Tea = Crushed Leaf + H 2 O Rocks = minerals + sediments + organic matter Sugar Water = Sugar + H 2 O –Each component retains its own identity; it does not change into something else. –Can be separated by physical means –Examples: Sweet tea Trail mix Air (O 2, N 2, CO 2, Ar) Now, lets put it all together and determine how to tell substances (compounds and elements) from mixtures.

Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures hydrogen atoms oxygen atoms hydrogen atoms. Two of the descriptions to the right apply to each bottle below. Determine the appropriate descriptions. a.Two types of atoms evenly mixed b.Two types of atoms chemically combined c.One type of atom d.Two types of atoms mixed e.An element f.A solution g.A compound h.A mixture 2_______1_______3_______4_______ d & hb & gc & ea & f Return to Index