Welcome to the review for French Rev. Test Inbox - Make sure you have the following vocabulary words in your sourcebook: BourgeoisieDeficit Spending FactionÉmigré RepublicSuffrage NationalismSecular PlebisciteAnnex BlockadeGuerrilla Warfare Abdicate

How was French Society Divided? ► France was divided into Three Estates ► The First Estate were the clergy, bishops and priests—they paid no taxes and owned a large portion of the land. ► The Second Estate were the nobles and landowners—they paid no taxes and owned a large portion the land. ► The Third Estate were the bourgeoisie (middle class) and the peasants

What was so bad about being in the Third Estate? ► The paid all of the taxes ► They had no say in the government (they had one vote in the Estates-General) ► They rented most of the their land from the Second Estate and lived in poverty ► THEY WERE 98% of the population!

What caused the French Revolution? ► Social Causes: Inequalities of the estates ► Political Causes: 98% of the people do not have a say in the government ► Economic Causes: Most of the French people lived in poverty and government did little about it ► ***Ideas of the Enlightenment made people confident in their freedom and ability

How did the Third Estate Rebel? ► Tennis Court Oath: Third Estate declared itself the National Assembly (some members of the 1 st and 2 nd joined later). ► July 14, 1789 Parisians storm the Bastille  Bastille was prison for political prisoners  Considered beginning of the Revolution

What changes were made to France? ► “Great Panic”  widespread starvation and panic led peasants to attack nobles ► National assembly abolishes feudalism and Estate privileges ► Declaration of the Rights of Man – statement of natural rights (Liberty, Equality, Fraternity) ► Women marched on Versailles; Louis returns to Paris (virtual prisoner)

Other Changes ► Reorganized Church; put church under state control; sold land to pay debts; not popular with peasants (more religious) ► 1791: Constitution created with constitutional monarchy and legislative assembly (elected by taxpaying male citizens); provinces replaced with departments; compensated nobles for lost property ► Louis and family tries to escape Paris; caught and imprisoned (labeled a traitor)

The Reign of Terror ► In Paris different factions competed for power; radicals gain power and make France a republic ► Committee of Public Safety: group of men established to draft soldiers to fight for France ► Under the leadership of Robespierre and the radical Jacobins, they killed thousands of “criminals” and “traitors” ► The guillotine was invented and used widely to execute people

How did Napoleon come to Power? ► People were tired of the chaos and death of Robespierre ► The government had done little or nothing to solve their problems (debt, poverty and starvation). ► The victories Napoleon won gave the French power, honor and pride (nationalism)

What did Napoleon do for France? ► Established the Napoleonic Code or Code Napoleon—a simple system of laws that is still the basis of French law ► Fixed prices, improved infrastructure, built public schools and civil service system ► Made France into a major military empire ► Brought the ideas of the French Revolution to all of Europe

What happened to Napoleon’s Empire? ► Defeated at Trafalgar by Britain ► Uprisings by Spain and Austria ► Invasion of Russia  scorched earth tactics and brutal Russian Winter destroys army ► Britain, Austria, Russia and Prussia defeat and exile Napoleon twice (Waterloo)

What was the Congress of Vienna? ► Austria, Prussia, Russia, Britain and France met to put Europe back together again. ► Their goals were to establish a balance of power between the nations and ensure peace through alliances ► They were reactionary because they tried to make things like they were in the “old days” before the French Revolution

How can we describe the major effects of the French Revolution? ► In France, the middle class gained more power even though the COV restored the monarchy ► The Revolution inspired nationalism all over the world—people wanted to be free and independent ► The Vienna settlements and alliances established the shape of Europe for the next century ► Napoleon’s example of military conquest influenced other nations to do the same