Themes of World History World History Core

GEOGRAPHY 5 Themes of Geography: LOCATION HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTION REGION PLACE MOVEMENT

GEOGRAPHY: LOCATION Where is a place??? Absolute: Latitude and Longitude Ex. Maine 45*N, 70*W Relative: Describes location, where it is in terms of other areas Ex. South of Canada, West of the Atlantic, and East of Vermont

MAINE

GEOGRAPHY: HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION How have humans adapted, modified, or depended on the environment. Adapt: heat homes Modify: cut down trees for roads Depend: water for drinking

GEOGRAPHY: REGION Are there common characteristics? They can be physical: landforms and climate or cultural: language and religion. Physical: Maine is in the Northeast Cultural: Maine fishing and hunting

GEOGRAPHY: PLACE What does the area look like? Physically and in human terms Physical: landforms, soil, climate, and resources Maine: Sebago Lake, warm summers and cold winters, blueberries, apples... Human: cultures that inhabit an area Maine: French Canadian

GEOGRAPHY: MOVEMENT How do items move from one place to another? People, goods, and ideas People: planes, trains, cars, boat Goods: planes, trains, boat Ideas: newspaper, internet, phones

Geography Example The ancient Chinese were protected by deserts, mountains, and seas which helped shield them from invaders.

INTERACTION WITH THE ENVIRONMENT Since the earliest times humans have had to deal with their surrounding for survival. Key Questions: How do humans adjust to the climate and terrain where they live? How have changes in the natural world forced people to change? What positive and negative changes have people made to their environment?

Interaction with the Environment The ancient Phoenicians collected sea shells from the Mediterranean Sea. The shells provided purple dye that was popular among Kings and Queens. The Phoenicians have been nicknamed “The Purple People.”

POWER AND AUTHORITY History is made by people and institutions in power. Key Questions: Who holds the power? How did that person or group get power? What system of government provides order in this society?

Power and Authority Example Hammurabi, the Babylonian King, developed the first code of law to provide order in his empire. The phrase “an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth” is associated with this code.

RELIGIOUS AND ETHNICAL SYSTEMS Religion and Ethics is usually a guiding force in decision making throughout history. Key Questions: What beliefs are held by a majority of people in a region? How do these major religious beliefs differ from one another? How do the various religious groups interact with one another? How do religious groups react toward nonmembers?

Religious and Ethical Systems Example The ancient Indians from the Indus River Valley believed in animism, or the idea that all living things have a spirit.

CULTURAL INTERACTION Today and in the past people have shared ideas ranging from music, food, and philosophies. Key Questions: How have cultures interacted (trade, migration, or conquest)? What items have cultures passed on to each other? What political, economic, and religious ideas have cultures shared? What positive and negative effects have resulted from cultural interaction?

Cultural Interaction Example The Romans were greatly influenced by the Greeks, even adopting similar religious and cultural beliefs. ZEUS (Greek)JUPITER (Roman)

ECONOMICS How we use our resources (some) scarce, to meet our needs as a society. Key Questions: What goods and services does a society produce? Who controls the wealth and resources of a society? How does a society obtain more goods and services?

Economics Example Following the Crusades, many merchants used the trade routes to the Middle East resulting in an increase of European wealth.

EMPIRE BUILDING Human desire to grow more powerful, often through domination. Key Questions: What motivated groups to conquer other lands and people? How does one society gain control of others? How does a dominating society control and rule its subjects?

Empire Building Alexander the Great of Macedon ruled the land from Macedon to India. It was the largest empire the world had known at the time

REVOLUTION Through history great change has been achieved by force. Key Questions: What long-term ideas or institutions are being overthrown? What caused people to make this radical change? What are the results of the change?

RevolutionExample The Bolsheviks of the early 20 th century overthrew the Czar of Russia changing the way the Russian people were governed.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY The endless drive to know more about our world and to solve problems as they occur. Key Questions: What tools and methods do people use to solve the various problems they face? How do people gain knowledge about their world? How do they use that knowledge? How do new discoveries and inventions change the way people live?

Science and Technology Example Johann Gutenberg Created the moveable type 1450 Metal removable pieces Durable and quick way of making books Made books cheaper and more available for the people