Note Page 27: Growth of Tobacco and Cotton Industry In North Carolina, Late 1800’s

Birth of the Tobacco Industry in North Carolina Prezi Presentation by Sprayberry

Tobacco Smoking was popular since colonial times but NC had found a smoother tasting tobacco. Union soldiers discovered bright leaf smoking tobacco during Civil War wrote back to NC for more

Sharecropping  End of slavery ended plantation living. Large tracts of land were divided up and given to sharecroppers or tenant farmers. Tenant farmers needed a crop that could raise cash quickly. Sharecroppers were told what to grow. Land owners told them to grow tobacco. Tobacco = Money

R.J. Reynolds Richard Joshua Reynolds moved from Virginia to Winston in Came from a prosperous farm family. Grew tobacco for generations. Built a tobacco factory near the newly built railroad. Wanted to become a major tobacco manufacturer. After the Civil War communications, transportation, and technology allowed business to grow larger than before.

Bull Durham Tobacco William T. Blackwell and Julian Shakespeare Carr came together and created product known as Bull Durham pipe tobacco. Named after the town.

Washington Duke & Sons (Ben, Buck) Made Durham, NC into tobacco center Began processing their own tobacco 1881, decided to make cigarettes –at the time: slow, difficult process to role by hand used Jewish immigrants from Europe at first Didn’t want to compete against Bull Durham pipe tobacco!

Duke’s Tobacco Business 1884 began using James Bonsack’s machine that rolled cigarettes & improved on it cut production costs in half cigarettes rolled by machine became very popular –bought competitors out –created American Tobacco Company in 1890 largest tobacco company in world

Impact on NC and World Industrialized tobacco production Created a large market for cigarettes Brought immigrants to NC Brought money to NC, a LOT of $$$$

Washington Duke’s Homestead and original factory! Sons started the American Tobacco Company…

Duke used his influence to have Trinity College moved to Durham. The institution opened its new campus in 1892 with him and son Benjamin as its principal benefactors. In 1896, Duke gave the college $100,000 (about $2,200,000 in 2005 dollars) on the condition that it open its doors to women. Trinity College was renamed in honor of Duke in 1924, becoming Duke University.

Railroads are built! NC learned its lessons from the Civil War and drastically improved its rail lines.

Textile Industry North Carolina was at an advantage because of the huge cotton production Post-war demand for textiles for clothing and furnishings helped too Had families known for their high-quality cloth before the war

Manufacturing: Textiles With the invention of the spinning jenny and the power loom, the textile industry took off. Clothes and other cotton products could now be made far faster than ever before.

Impact on NC More raw material grown nearby (cotton) many trained workers able to get jobs –1860: 39 mills –1900: 177 mills provided 30,000 workers with jobs Prewar reputations for quality of NC mills ensured demand for NC cloth –brought in a lot of money each year

Manufacturing: Furniture Ernest Snow, John Tate, and Thomas Wrenn –from High Point, NC –created High Point Furniture Manufacturing Company –advantages: good location with good rail transportation; raw materials easily available (in the hardwood forests)

Different Parts Work Together! Mountains supply timber for furniture, Coastal plain the cotton for textiles, Piedmont has flowing rivers for water power / electricity.

Video Clip Still Standing – The Real Story of the NC Textile Industry

Keys to NC Success Industry requires 5 main things to be successful. capital = $ to start the business. 1. NC had money from mills after the Civil War. Mills continued to make money and invested it in new factories. 2.Labor = people to work. Former slaves and sharecroppers often enjoyed the idea of working in a factory as opposed to on a farm. 3.Raw materials = the items before they are sent to the factory. NC has agriculture, lumber, stone all the materials that factories could need.

4.Markets = places to sell the finished product. NC's central location allowed it to sell products to the South as well as the North. 5.Transportation = moving the finished product where it needs to go. Post Civil War NC had many rail lines installed allowing products to shipped easily.

Impact on NC Mechanized the creation of furniture Gave rural NC citizens jobs with steady wages Many people needed new furniture after the Civil War Created a reputation nationwide for fine quality furniture…brought in lots of money Grew related businesses: varnishes, stains, hinges Grew towns and improved conditions in NC

Note Page 27: Growth of Tobacco and Cotton Industry In North Carolina, Late 1800’s