How to Give a Khutbah Mohamed-Umer Esmail

Overview  Khutbah  Evidence from Quran,  Hadith,  and Ijma  Arkan (Integrals)  Sunnah  Etiquettes

Quran O believers, when the call is proclaimed for the Salât on the day of Friday, hasten to the remembrance of Allâh and leave off business, that is better for You if You did but know.

Hadith  The Messenger of Allah (salla Allahu alaihi wa sallam) never offered Jumuah except with a khutbah (Bayhaqi).  Many Ahadith mention khutbah for Jumuah.  Omar and Aisha (rady Allahu anhuma): “The prayer of Jumuah has been shortened for the sake of the Khutbah.” (Abd Razzaq, Ibn Abi Shaybah)

Ijma  Overwhelming majority of Scholars state that it is fard or wajib, and a condition for the Jumuah prayer.  Scholars state that it is wajib because Allah forbade business for its sake, and only something wajib would prohibit business.

Before the Khutbah  Purification from major uncleanliness  Condition  Sunnah  Purification from minor uncleanliness  Condition  Sunnah  Covering of the awrah (nakedness)  Condition  Sunnah

Time  After Zawal according to most  Permissible before Zawal in one opinion according to Imam Ahmad  Before the prayer

Minimum Number of Attendees  4 including Imam (Hanafi)  12 (Maliki)  40 (Shafi & Ahmad)

Arabic vs Non Arabic  Must be in Arabic  Shafi, Hanbali, Maliki  Hanafi acceptable but makruh  Reconciliation:  The arkan must be in Arabic and the rest in local language  Alternate Solution: Talk in local language before khutbah or after prayer, and two short khutbas in Arabic.

The Khutbah  Minbar; 3 steps and a fourth for sitting (sunnah)  Sitting before the khutbah and adhan (sunnah)  Facing the audience & audience face khatib  “When the Messenger of Allah (salla Allahu alaihi wa sallam) would stand on the minbar, the people would face him with their faces.” (Ibn Majah)  Salam before the adhan  Sunnah; Hadith (Ibn Majah)  Not Sunnah: Not Sunnah

The Khutbah  Adhan  Another was added in the time of Uthman  Standing (wajib; Maliki)  Standing on the 3 rd step (sunnah)  Must give 2 khutbas (wajib)  Sunnah: Hanafi, Maliki  Reciting Ta`awwud inaudibly before 1 st khutbah (adab)

The Khutbah  Begin with Hamd i.e. praise of Allah  Fard = All  Salat & Salam (durood) on the Prophet  Fard = Shafi  Sunnah = rest  Admonition of Taqwa The above 3 are fard for both khutbas according to Imam Shafi and Ahmad.

The Khutbah  Recitation of an ayah  Fard = Shafi in either khutbah  Sunnah = rest

The Khutbah  To end the 1 st khutbah with an ayah. (adab)  Sitting in between both for the duration of three tasbihs. (sunnah)  Shortening both khutbas (sunnah) “Shortening the khutbah and lengthening the prayer is a sign of a person’s fiqh (understanding of religion), so lengthen the prayer and shorten the khutbah.”

The 2 nd Khutbah  Hamd  Fard = Shafi & Ahmad  Sunnah = rest  Salat & Salam (durood)  Fard = Shafi & Ahmad  Sunnah = rest  Dua for the Muslims in the 2 nd khutbah  Fard = Shafi  Sunnah = rest

The 2 nd Khutbah  To make dua for the Sahaba (adab)  To end the 2 nd khutbah with forgiveness (adab). أسْتَغْفِرُ اللهَ لِي وَلَكُم

 To speak loud enough that the audience can hear the khutbah.  Prohibition for audience to speak  To lean on a stick with the left hand  Tahiyyah al-Masjid during khutbah:  Shafi, Hanbali: Sunnah  Hanafi, Maliki: Makruh Miscellaneous