THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 1 Multinational Comparisons of Health Systems Data, 2010 Gerard F. Anderson and Patricia Markovich Johns Hopkins University November 2010 Support for this research was provided by The Commonwealth Fund.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 2 Total Health Care Spending

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 3 Health Care Spending per Capita, 2008 Adjusted for Differences in Cost of Living * Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). Dollars

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND Average spending on health per capita ($US PPP) Total expenditures on health as percent of GDP Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). International Comparison of Spending on Health, 1980–2008

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 5 Average Annual Growth Rate of Real Health Care Spending per Capita, 1998–2008 * 1997–2007. Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). Percent

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 6 Percentage of Gross Domestic Product Spent on Health Care, 1998 and 2008 * Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). Percent

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 7 Percentage of Population with Health Insurance Coverage Through Public Programs, 2008 * Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). Percent

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 8 Public Spending on Health Care per Capita, 2008 Adjusted for Differences in Cost of Living * Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). Dollars

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 9 Private Spending on Health Care per Capita, 2008 Excluding Out-of-Pocket Spending, Adjusted for Differences in the Cost of Living * Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). Dollars

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 10 Out-of-Pocket Health Care Spending per Capita, 2008 Adjusted for Differences in Cost of Living * Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). Dollars

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 11 Health Care Expenditure per Capita by Source of Funding, 2008 Adjusted for Differences in Cost of Living * Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). Dollars 7,538 4,079 3,737 3,696 3,540 3,470 3,353 3,129 2,683 5,003 4,627

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 12 Hospitals

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 13 Percentage of Total Health Care Spending on Hospital Services, 1998 and 2008 * ** Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). Percent

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 14 Spending on Hospital Services per Capita, 2008 Adjusted for Differences in Cost of Living * Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). Dollars

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 15 Hospital Spending per Discharge, 2008 Adjusted for Differences in Cost of Living * ** Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). Dollars

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 16 Hospital Discharges per 1,000 Population, 2008 Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). * ** 2006.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 17 Average Length of Stay for Acute Care, 2008 Days Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). * ** 2006.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 18 Average Length of Hospital Stay for Acute Myocardial Infarction, 2008 Days Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). * ** 2006.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 19 Average Length of Stay for Normal Birth Delivery, 2008 Days Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). * ** 2006.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 20 Average Annual Hospital Inpatient Acute Care Days per Capita, 2008 Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). * ** 2006.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 21 Number of Acute Care Hospital Beds per 1,000 Population, 2008 Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). * ** 2006.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 22 Home Health and Long-Term Care

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 23 Percentage of Total Health Care Spending on Long-Term Nursing Care, 1998 and 2008 * Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). Percent

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 24 Long-Term Nursing Care Spending per Capita, 2008 Adjusted for Differences in Cost of Living * Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). 1, Dollars

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 25 Home Health Care Spending per Capita, 2008 Adjusted for Differences in Cost of Living * Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). Dollars

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 26 Long-Term Care Beds in Nursing Homes per 1,000 Population Age 65 and Older, 1998 and 2008 * Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010).

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 27 Health Care Professionals

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 28 Number of Practicing Physicians per 1,000 Population, 2008 Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). * ** 2006.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 29 Average Annual Growth Rate of Practicing Physicians per 1,000 Population, 1998–2008 * 1997–2007. ** 1996–2006. Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). Percent

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 30 Average Annual Number of Physician Visits per Capita, 2008 Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). * ** 2006.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 31 Number of Professionally Active Nurses per 1,000 Population, 2008 Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). * 2007.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 32 Pharmaceuticals

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 33 Percentage of Total Health Care Spending on Pharmaceuticals, 1998 and 2008 * Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). Percent

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 34 Pharmaceutical Spending per Capita, 2008 Adjusted for Differences in Cost of Living * Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). Dollars

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 35 Drug Prices for 30 Most Commonly Prescribed Drugs, 2006–07 US is set at 1.0 Source: IMS Health.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 36 Medical Procedures Involving Sophisticated Technology

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 37 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Machines per Million Population, 2008 Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). * 2007.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 38 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Exams per 1,000 Population, 2008 Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). * ** 2006.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 39 MRI Scan and Imaging Fees, 2009 Source: International Federation of Health Plans, 2009 Comparative Price Report. Dollars 1,500 US average US high-end

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 40 Computer Tomography (CT) Scanners per Million Population, 2008 Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). * ** 2006.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 41 Computer Tomography (CT) Exams per 1,000 Population, 2008 Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). * 2007.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 42 Volume of Knee and Hip Implants, 2004 Implants per 100,000 Source: McKinsey & Company, Accounting for the Cost of Health Care in the United States, Knee ReplacementsHip Replacements

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 43 Cost of Knee and Hip Prostheses to Providers, 2004 GDP Adjusted, US $ Source: McKinsey & Company, Accounting for the Cost of Health Care in the United States, Knee ReplacementsHip Replacements Dollars

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 44 Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) Interventions per 100,000 Population, 2008 * ** Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010).

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 45 Coronary Bypass Procedures per 100,000 Population, 2008 * ** Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010).

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 46 Number of Knee Replacements per 100,000 Population, 2008 * ** Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010).

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 47 Number of Patients Undergoing Dialysis Treatment per 100,000 Population, 2008 * ** Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010).

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 48 Public Health and Prevention

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 49 Breast Cancer Screening, 2008 Percentage of Women Ages 50–69 Receiving a Mammogram * ** Survey Organized Program Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). Percent

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 50 Cervical Cancer Screening, 2000 to 2006 (or closest year) Percentage of Women Ages 20–69 * ** Survey Organized Program Source: OECD Health Care Quality Indicators Data Percent

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 51 Percentage of Population over Age 65 with Influenza Immunization, 2008 * ** Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). Percent

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 52 Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis Vaccination Rates Among Children Age 2, 2007 (or latest year available) Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). Percent

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 53 Measles Vaccination Rates Among Children Age 2, 2007 (or latest year available) Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). * Percent

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 54 Percentage of Adults Who Report Being Daily Smokers, 2008 * Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). Percent

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 55 Twenty-Year Change in Smoking Rates, 1988–2008 * 1987–2007. ** 1986–2007. Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). Percent

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 56 Annual Alcohol Consumption in Liters per Capita Among People Age 15 and Older, 2008 * Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010).

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 57 Obesity (BMI>30) Prevalence Among Adult Population, 2008 * Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). Measured Self-Reported Percent

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 58 Mortality

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 59 Life Expectancy at Birth, 2008 * Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). Years

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 60 Life Expectancy at Age 65, 2008 * ** Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). Years

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 61 Increase in Life Expectancy at Birth, 1988–2008 * 1987–2007. Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). Years

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 62 Increase in Life Expectancy at Age 65, 1988–2008 * 1987–2007. ** 1996–2006. Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). Years

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 63 Acute Myocardial Infarction Deaths per 100,000 Population, 2008 * ** Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010).

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 64 Bronchitis, Asthma, and Emphysema Deaths per 100,000 Population, 2008 * ** Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010).

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 65 Potential Years of Life Lost Due to Malignant Neoplasms per 100,000 Population, 2008 * ** Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010). Years

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 66 Potential Years of Life Lost Due to Diseases of the Circulatory System per 100,000 Population, 2008 * ** Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010).

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 67 Potential Years of Life Lost Due to Diabetes per 100,000 Population, 2008 * ** Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010).

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 68 Potential Years of Life Lost Due to Diseases of the Respiratory System per 100,000 Population, 2008 * ** Source: OECD Health Data 2010 (Oct. 2010).

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND OECD Quality Indicators

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 70 Asthma Admission Rates per 100,000 Population Age 15 and Older, 2007 * ** *** Among countries shown. Source: OECD Health Care Quality Indicators Data 2009.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 71 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Admission Rates per 100,000 Population Age 15 and Older, 2007 * ** *** Among countries shown. Source: OECD Health Care Quality Indicators Data 2009.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 72 Diabetes Acute Complications Admission Rates per 100,000 Population Age 15 and Older, 2007 * ** *** Among countries shown. Source: OECD Health Care Quality Indicators Data 2009.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 73 Congestive Heart Failure Admission Rates per 100,000 Population Age 15 and Older, 2007 * ** *** Among countries shown. Source: OECD Health Care Quality Indicators Data 2009.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 74 Hypertension Admission Rates per 100,000 Population Age 15 and Older, 2007 * ** *** Among countries shown. Source: OECD Health Care Quality Indicators Data 2009.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 75 Diabetes Lower Extremity Amputation Rates per 100,000 Population Age 15 and Older, 2007* * ** *** Among countries shown. Source: OECD Health Care Quality Indicators Data 2009.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 76 Mortality After Admission for Acute Myocardial Infarction* per 100 Patients, 2007 * In-hospital case-fatality rates within 30 days of admission. ** *** **** Among countries shown. Source: OECD Health Care Quality Indicators Data 2009.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 77 Mortality After Admission for Ischemic Stroke* per 100 Patients, 2007 * In-hospital case-fatality rates within 30 days of admission. ** *** Among countries shown. Source: OECD Health Care Quality Indicators Data 2009.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 78 Mortality After Admission for Hemorrhagic Stroke* per 100 Patients, 2007 * In-hospital case-fatality rates within 30 days of admission. ** *** **** Among countries shown. Source: OECD Health Care Quality Indicators Data 2009.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 79 Breast Cancer Five-Year Relative Survival Rate, 1997–2002 and 2002–2007 (or nearest period) Source: OECD Health Care Quality Indicators Data 2009.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 80 Cervical Cancer Five-Year Relative Survival Rate, 1997–2002 and 2002–2007 (or nearest period) Source: OECD Health Care Quality Indicators Data 2009.

THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 81 Colorectal Cancer Five-Year Survival Rate, Latest Available Period Source: OECD Health Care Quality Indicators Data 2009.