Percent of families with high out-of-pocket medical costs relative to income, not including premiums Figure ES-1. Nearly One of Six Families Spent 10%

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Percent of families with high out-of-pocket medical costs relative to income, not including premiums Figure ES-1. Nearly One of Six Families Spent 10% or More of Income (or 5% or More if Low-Income) on Out-of-Pocket Medical Costs, 2001–02 * Low-income includes families with incomes <200% of the federal poverty level. Source: Authors analysis of data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 1996–97 and 2001–02. Spent >10% of income Spent >10% of income, or >5% of income if low-income*

Figure ES-2. Including Premiums, One of Four Families Had High Costs Relative to Income, 2001–02 Spent >10% of income Spent 5% to <10% of income if low-income* Percent of families with high out-of-pocket medical costs and premiums relative to income All familiesAll family members under age 65 OOP = out-of-pocket. * Low-income includes families with incomes <200% of the federal poverty level. Source: Authors analysis of data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2001–02.

Percent of families with high out-of-pocket medical costs relative to income, not including premiums Figure 1. Nearly One of Six Families Spent 10% or More of Income (or 5% or More if Low-Income) on Out-of-Pocket Medical Costs, 2001–02 * Low-income includes families with incomes <200% of the federal poverty level. Source: Authors analysis of data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 1996–97 and 2001–02. Spent >10% of income Spent >10% of income, or >5% of income if low-income*

Figure 2. One of Ten Nonelderly Families and One-Third of Elderly Families Had High Out-of-Pocket Health Care Costs Relative to Income, 2001–02 Percent of families Spent >10% of incomeSpent 5% to <10% of income if low-income* * Low-income includes families with incomes <200% of the federal poverty level. Source: Authors analysis of data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2001–02.

Figure 3. One-Fifth or More Nonelderly Families with Health Problems Spent a High Portion of Income on Health Care Percent of nonelderly families Spent >10% of incomeSpent 5% to <10% of income if low-income* ADLs = activities of daily living; IADLs = instrumental activities of daily living. * Low-income includes families with incomes <200% of the federal poverty level. Source: Authors analysis of data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2001–02.

Figure 4. Low-Income Families at High Risk for Burdensome Out-of-Pocket Costs Percent of nonelderly families Family income as percentage of poverty Spent >10% of incomeSpent 5% to <10% of income if low-income* * Low-income includes families with incomes <200% of the federal poverty level. Source: Authors analysis of data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2001–02. _

Figure 5. Out-of-Pocket Exposure Increased over Past Five Years for Insured and Uninsured Families, 1996–97 vs. 2001–02 Percent of nonelderly families who spent >10% of income, or >5% of income if low-income* * Low-income includes families with incomes <200% of the federal poverty level. Source: Authors analysis of data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 1996–97 and 2001–02.

Figure 6. Over the Course of Two Years, One of Seven Individuals in Nonelderly Families Faced High Spending Percent of individuals in a nonelderly family who spent >10% of income, or >5% of income if low-income * (Either or both years) * Low-income includes families with incomes <200% of the federal poverty level. Source: Authors analysis of data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2001–02.

Figure 7. Including Premiums, One of Four Families Had High Costs Relative to Income, 2001–02 Spent >10% of income Spent 5% to <10% of income if low-income* Percent of families with high out-of-pocket medical costs and premiums relative to income All familiesAll family members under age 65 OOP = out-of-pocket. * Low-income includes families with incomes <200% of the federal poverty level. Source: Authors analysis of data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2001–02.

Figure 8. Total Out-of-Pocket Costs and Premium Costs for Nonelderly Families with Private Health Insurance, 2001–02 Percent of nonelderly families with private health insurance who spent >10% of income, or >5% of income if low-income* OOP only OOP plus premiums OOP = out-of-pocket. * Low-income includes families with incomes <200% of the federal poverty level. Source: Authors analysis of data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2001–02. _

Figure 9. Two of Five Families with Private Nonemployer Coverage Face High Costs When Premiums Are Included Percent of nonelderly families with nonemployer coverage OOP = out-of-pocket. * Low-income includes families with incomes <200% of the federal poverty level. Source: Authors analysis of data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2001–02. Amount spent on bills and premiums OOP spending only OOP spending plus premiums _ __