 Feet sustain 2 or 3 times your body weight  Each foot has more than 100 muscles, tendons, and ligaments  6 times force of gravity is exerted on the foot during aerobic activity  67 million Americans walk to exercise  When rebounding in basketball, 10 times the force of the jumpers body weight during the landing phase  25,000 heel strikes during a marathon  Body weight of tennis player is magnified 3 to 4 times during start/stops

Components of Shoe Outsole- Traction, durability, various patterns (e.g.: tire of car) Midsole- shock absorption, cushioning, stability (e.g.: suspension) Upper- secures foot, stability (e.g.: body of the car) Midsole Upper Outsole

 Carbon rubber- synthetic rubber with carbon, used in running shoes  Duralon- soft, synthetic rubber, used in running shoes  Gum rubber-traction for indoor surfaces, used in basketball, cross-training, and volleyball shoes

 Waffle-running shoes  Herringbone-court shoes  Hybrid- mix of waffle and herringbone, cross- training  All-trac-mixture of waffle, herringbone, and hybrid, outdoor  *Enhancements (Flex grooves, outriggers)

 Eva- cheapest material, compressed foam, lightweight  Phylon-responsive, light, molded, contains Eva  PU-durable, stable, heaviest, firm  Phylite-composed of Phylon and rubber, molded, acts as a midsole and outsole

 Footframe  Contoured footbed  Footbridge  Midfoot shank  Dual density Phylon

 Test run  Sport-specific  Individualized  Determine Foot-type  Workout Regime

What is most important about buying a sport specific shoe? Should we take into account gender when Selecting a shoe?

 Prevention of injuries  Performance driven shoe  Gender-specifically designed (weight, structure, cushioning etc) Key: cushioning, stability, surface, distance

OVERPRONATIONSUPINATION  Roll of the foot too far inward  Weight on the inside of the foot  Unstable  Flat/low arches  *Pronation-normal motion of foot  Opposite of pronation  Weight on the outside of the foot  Higher arches

OverpronationSupination

 Curved Last- will benefit individuals with a high arch (flexibility)  Straight Last- beneficial for individuals with over- pronated feet (stiffness)  Semi-curved Last- flexibility and stability *Activity

 Aerobics- shock absorption, forefoot cushioning and stability, lateral movement, cross-trainer  Biking/Cycling- really need a shoe engineered for biking but you can pass with a cross-trainer, stiff, rigid outsole, shank  Hiking-uneven ground, need good traction and flexible shoe on forefoot, trail-running shoe  Running-rolling motion of the foot, slightly elevated heel

 Basketball-lateral movement, pivoting, cutting, start/stops, jumping, hard surface, ankle support, shock absorption  Volleyball- midfoot cushion, responsive shoe, flexible  Walking-cushioning and stability  Tennis-needs to be specifically designed for tennis to allow some sliding, start/stops, lateral movement, soft arch, padded forefoot

Life Expectancy of Athletic Shoes -Replacement of your shoes with wear and tear is imperative -Signs of wear: -worn out outsole -cracks in midsole -diminished elasticity -Ramifications of wearing old worn-out shoes: -back pain -knee pain -foot/ankle pain -Hip pain

 Run: miles (4-6 months)  Walk: miles ( once a year)  Cardio, weights: hrs of exercise  Basketball: every 3 months  Determinants of Sneaker life span -workout (type, frequency, duration, intensity -weight

 Nike Free (3.0, 5.0, 7.0)  Equalon  Pegasus  360/180  Walker  Shox  Impax  Basketball/volleyball  Vapor  Alvord

 Encapsulated Air- least expensive, absorbs impact  Visible Air- pressure distributed around heel  Blow Molded-more complex, highest air volume, sport specific  Zoom Air-thin, responsive  Tuned Air-highest air volume, sport specific, specific to body weight, low air pressure  Tube Air-softer, consistent cushioning over a broader base, stability

The fantastic foot. (2004). Foot Care Basics (2007). Spiker, T. (2007, June). THE RUNNER’S BODY. Runner’s World, 42(6), The Art and Science of Athletic Shoes. (1991, October). Current Health 2, 18(2), 24. Kirby, M. (2005, October). TEST-RUN. National Geographic Adventure, 7(8), Scott Frampton. Esquire. New York: Jul Vol. 146, Iss. 1; pg. 46, 1 pg Switch out your sneakers. (2006, September). Shape. Radovic, P. (2005). Running & your feet. California Foot & Ankle Associates, Inc (2005). Nike On-Boarding