SPORTS INJURIES I.M. Doctor, M.D. My Office My City, State

2 Sports Injuries - Outline  Sports Injuries - an overview  Children and Sports  When to see the doctor  Treatment options

3 Sports Injuries - Outline  Boomeritis  Preventing Sports Injuries  Children  Adults

4 What is an orthopaedic surgeon?  MD or a DO who specializes in treatment and health maintenance of musculoskeletal system (bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, tendons, cartilage and spine)

5 What is an orthopaedic surgeon?  The expert in treating the musculoskeletal system  The expert in maintaining musculoskeletal health

6 Educating an Orthopaedic Surgeon  College  Medical School  Internship  Orthopaedic Residency  Fellowship (optional)  2 Years Practice TOTAL (1) 2 16 years!

7 What do orthopaedic surgeons do?  Diagnose  Treat  Medication  Physical Therapy  Exercise  Brace  Surgery  Prevent

8 Sports Injuries Simple precautions keep sports fun!

9 Acute vs. Overuse Injuries  Acute - sudden trauma such as sprains, strains, bruises & fractures  Overuse - series of repeated small injuries

10 Children & Sports

11 Children’s Sports Injuries, 2007 Sport Number of Injuries Requiring Treatment Per Year Football556,928 Basketball412,075 Baseball/Softball276,733 Soccer220,162 Playground Injuries410,634

12 Children & Sports Young athletes are NOT small adults!

13 Children & Sports Growth plates are weaker than ligaments. ChildAdult

14 Children & Sports Youths of same age can differ tremendously in size and physical maturity.

15 When to See the Physician  Inability to play  Decreased ability to play  Limp, loss of motion or swelling  Visible deformity  Severe pain

16 When to See the Physician Before Your Appointment yPrepare to describe your symptoms yGather medical history yMake list of medications yWrite down concerns and questions and bring them

17 When to See the Physician 1. Expect what from treatment? 2. Treatment effect on daily activities? 3. How to prevent further disability? During Your Appointment

18 Treatment  R.I.C.E. – Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation  Modify athletic activity  Cooperation and communication between patient, parents, coaches and physician

19 Boomeritis ®  Born  More than 1 million sports- related injuries each year

20 Boomeritis ®  Exercise - key, but...  Bike accidents prevail  Mortality > children  < 50% wear helmets

21 tendinitis bursitis sprains strains Boomeritis ®

22 Treatment  R.I.C.E.  Alter or stop sports activities  Physical therapy & medication  Surgery may be warranted

23 Kids should be well coached & supervised Play on safe surfaces Wear properly fitted, maintained & appropriate protective gear Children should train for their sport prior to playing Preventing Sports Injuries

24 Preventing Sports Injuries  Know and abide by rules  Wear appropriate protective gear  Know how to use equipment  Never “play through pain”

25 Preventing Sports Injuries  Be sure your child’s coach is qualified to supervise the sport

26 Make Sure Your Young Athletes Always Warm Up First! Preventing Sports Injuries

27 Preventing Sports Injuries  Skilled instruction  Wear safety gear!  Year-round conditioning

28 Stretching  Break a sweat  Marching  Walk in place  Jumping jacks  Mimic the sport you are about to do Warm- up:

29 Stretching  You should NOT feel pain  Hold stretch 30 seconds  Relax into the stretch Stretching:

30 Breathe deeply & slowly Avoid bouncing Stretch both right & left sides Stretching

31 Sports Injuries  Common Sports Injuries

32 Ankle Sprain  Ligament injury  Ankle pain, tenderness, swelling

33 Growth Plate Fractures in Children

34 Ankle Sprain  R.I.C.E.  Rehabilitation  Range of motion  Strengthening  Flexibility  Balance

35 Plantar Fasciitis  Microtears of plantar fascia  Painful heel

36 Plantar Fasciitis  Tape heel, arch  Orthotics  Stretch (calf and plantar fascia)  Against wall  On a step  Plantar fascia stretch

37 Plantar Fasciitis  Massage may be helpful  Warm up well before stretching  Ice heel, minutes  Anti-inflammatories  Night splint

38 Plantar Fasciitis  Wear good, supporting shoes  Arch support  Avoid activities that cause heel pain  See your physician if pain persists

39 Tennis Elbow & Golfer’s Elbow

40 Tennis Elbow & Golfer’s Elbow  Warm up, stretch before play  Correct, maintained equipment  Condition beforehand  Evaluate play techniques to minimize irritation  Take a lesson

41 ACL Injury  Direct blow to knee  Non-contact injury, with foot plant  Landing on straight leg  Making abrupt stops  “Back seat” skiing

42 Name: Chris Klug Age: 28 Injury: ACL Getting You Back In The Game

43 ACL Tear Normal anatomy Hyperextension Femur Anterior cruciate ligament Anterior cruciate ligament tears Patella Tibia Fibula Femur slips Illustration reproduced with permission from The Body Almanac, Rosemont, IL American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003

44 ACL Tear - Women Athletes  Incidence of ACL much higher among female athletes  Combination of causal factors  Neuromuscular prevention programs

45 Meniscus Tear  Helps knee joint carry weight, glide, and turn  Twisting injury  Football and other contact sports

46 Meniscus Tear  Pain  Giving way  Locking  Clicking  Swelling

47 Traumatic Shoulder Dislocation

48 Traumatic Shoulder Dislocation  Closed grip pull downs  Rotation exercises  Resistance exercises  Surgery

49 Shoulder Overuse Injuries  Tendonitis  Throwing sports  Weight lifting  Use proper technique, good supervision

50 Rotator Cuff Tears  Acute injury  Overuse injury  Sports and occupations that involve repetitive overhead motions

51 Stress Fractures  Imbalance bone loss vs. replacement  “Micro-cracks”  Pain

52 Overuse Injuries  Thorough history & physical exam  X-rays, MRI might be needed  Specialists in sports medicine can be particularly helpful

53 Overuse Injuries zReduce intensity zWarm up before zIce afterwards zWork with a coach

54 10% Rule Don’t Increase Activity by More Than 10% Per Week Overuse Injuries

55 Asking Questions About Surgery  Why?  Alternatives  Benefits and for how long?

56 Asking Questions About Surgery  Risks?  What is procedure called?  How is it performed?  Results?

57 Asking Questions About Surgery  Duration of recovery?  Assistance at home and how long?  Disability after surgery?  Physical therapy?  Return to normal activity?

58 Sports Injuries Sports are fun! The goal is a pain and injury free balanced fitness program for all ages.

59 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 6300 North River Road Rosemont, IL American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (847) Resources

60 What are your questions and concerns? Sports Injuries: Prevention & Treatment

61 Sports Injuries: Prevention & Treatment  Thank you for participating today  Remember, your orthopaedic surgeon can help get you back in the game