Lecture 15 May 18, 2014 Fundamentals of Purity and Prayer

‘Īd Prayer

The two ‘Īd’s: ‘Īd al-Fitr (1 st of Shawwal) and ‘Īd al-Adha (10 th of Dhu ‘l-Hijjah) The two ‘Īd prayers are wajib on the one for whom the Jumu’ah prayer is fard, with same conditions Except for the khutbah, which is sunnah for ‘Īd Time for the ‘Īd prayer begins after the sun has sufficiently risen and lasts until zawal (mid-day) Better to pray earlier The ‘Īd prayer must be performed in congregation If one misses the ‘Īd prayer, cannot pray by himself

‘Īd Prayer The ‘Īd prayer consists of 2 rak’at with 6 extra takbirs Three takbirs given before the recitation of Qur’an in the 1 st rak’at After reciting the thana’ Three takbirs given after the recitation of Qur’an in the 2 nd rak’at Before going into ruku For each of these six takbirs, the hands are raised as are during the Takbir Tahrima, and then dropped to one’s side Imam recites out loud Sunnah to recite Surat al-’Ala and Surat al-Ghashiya

‘Īd Prayer The ‘Īd khutbah is sunnah to perform after the ‘Īd prayer If the ‘Īd khutbah is delivered, wajib to listen attentively Everything disliked/prohibited during the Jumu’ah khutbah also applies for the ‘Īd khutbah The khutbah is delivered similarly to the Jumu’ah khutbah For ‘Īd al-Fitr, the imam should include teaching the rules regarding the Sadaqat al-Fitr For ‘Īd al-Adha, the imam should include teaching the rules of the sacrifice and the Takbir Tashriq

‘Īd Prayer Makruh to perform any nafl prayer before the ‘Īd prayer at home or at the ‘Īd grounds Makruh to perform nalf prayer after the ‘Īd prayer at the ‘Īd grounds The prayer for ‘Īd al-Fitr can be delayed for one day with valid excuse Ex. Heavy rain, security issues, etc. If delayed without valid excuse, prayer is invalid The prayer for ‘Īd al-Adha can be delayed for three days with valid excuse If delayed without valid excuse, prayer is makruh but still valid

Sunnahs of ‘Īd The sunnahs of ‘Īd are: Keep the night of ‘Īd alive with worship Eat an odd number of dates or something else sweet For ‘Īd al-Fitr, sunnah to eat before the prayer For ‘Īd al-Adha, sunnah to eat after the prayer Perform ghusl,, apply scent, use the miswak Wear one’s finest clothes To pay the Sadaqat ‘l-Fitr before going for the prayer For ‘Īd al-Fitr only To walk toward the ‘Īd grounds To recite the takbirs of ‘Īd on the way until before the ‘Īd prayer For ‘Īd al-Fitr, sunnah to recite silently For ‘Īd al-Adha, sunnah to recite out loud To return home from the prayer by a different route

Takbir Tashriq Wajib to recite the Takbir Tashriq after every fard prayer beginning from Fajr of 9 th Dhu’l-Hijjah until Asr of 13 th Dhu’l-Hijjah Total of 23 prayers Must be recited once immediately after every fard prayer Including Jumu’ah prayer Must be recited by everyone, male or female, whether praying in congregation or by oneself Women should recite silently

Tarawih

Emphasized sunnah prayer for both men and women during the nights of Ramadan Consist of 20 rak’at (performed in sets of two, with 10 sets of salams) Valid only after the Isha prayer (until Fajr) Best to prayer Witr after Tarawih To perform in congregation is an emphasized sunnah for men Sunnah kifaya – communal sunnah Recommended to rest after every 4 rak’at For as much time as was required to perform the 4 rak’at

Tarawih Sunnah to perform a khatm (complete recitation) of the entire Qur’an once in the Tarawih prayer If too burdensome for congregation, can recite shorter lengths of Qur’an Should not shorten other parts of the prayer i.e. skipping the thana’, basmala, ta’awwudh, etc.

Correcting the Imam

If the imam forgetfully adds a 3 rd sajdah The follower will not follow the imam Will instead indicate by saying “subhanAllah” Will then continue prayer with imam and perform sahw with him If imam forgetfully stood after the final sitting Indicate to imam and wait for him to return If imam returns before performing sajdah of extra rak’at, complete prayer with imam If imam performed sajdah of extra rak’at, the follower is now separate from the imam – give salam individually and exit prayer Correcting recitation

Janazah and Burial

Last Moments Sunnah to keep dying person on his right side, facing Qiblah Or on his back, feet toward Qiblah, head slightly raised As long as undue difficulty Sunnah to perform talqin Repeatedly reciting shahadatayn (two testimonies of faith) in a soft voice Should not command him to recite the shahadatayn When the person passes away, his jaws should be closed and fastened, and his eyes should be shut

Du’a The one closing his eyes should say: In the name of Allah, and on the way of the Messenger of Allah. O Allah, make his affair smooth for him; ease for him that which is to follow; make him happy by his meeting You; and make that which he has gone off to better than that which he has left

Washing Body Next his ‘awrah should be covered, and the rest of his clothing removed He will be given a wudu (except for rinsing mouth and nose) Hair (and beard) are washed with soap and water Then his body will be washed (ideally thrice) Body placed on its left side, and body is washed from right to left Body then placed on right side, and body washed from left to right Body is then seated, stomach is wiped gently, and a third wash with pure water is given Body then dried with a towel

Preparing Body Hair (and beard) should not be combed Hair and nails should not be trimmed Perfume is applied to the hair and beard of men Camphor is applied to the body parts used to perform sajdah Feet, knees, hands, forehead and nose Funeral shrouds should be perfumed with incense an odd number of times and wrapped around the body

Burial Shrouds Sunnah to use white cotton cloth from the quality of that which they would wear in their life For men: Bottom wrap (izar) will extend from the head to the feet Top wrap (qamis) will extend from base of the neck to the bottom of the feet Outer wrap (lifafah) will extend from the head to the feet, long enough to wrap the entire body and enough extra cloth to tie the shroud Turban is makruh

Burial Shrouds For women: The izar, qamis and lifafah is the same as for men Veil (khimar) will cover the face and head Chest cloth (khirqa) will tie around the chest The izar and lifafah are sufficient to fulfil the obligation for a man The izar, lifafah and khimar are sufficient to fulfil the obligation for a woman The bare minimum for both men and women is based on whatever is available

Janazah Prayer Janazah prayer is a fard kifayah Intention is made to pray for the sake of Allah and to supplicate for the deceased, behind the imam Body of deceased must be in front of imam Includes 4 takbirs and final salams Followers will repeat the takbirs softly Hands are only raised on the initial takbir After first takbir, hands will be tied and remain tied for duration of prayer All followers will recite du’as softly behind the imam

Janazah Prayer After first takbir (takbir tahrima): recite the thana’ After second takbir: salawat on the Prophet ﷺ After third takbir: supplication for the deceased Page 197 After fourth takbir: the two closing salams will be given behind the imam

Janazah Prayer Janazah prayer should not be delayed once the person has passed and the body has been prepared Disliked to delay for purpose of attracting a larger crowd All pre-conditions of normal prayer apply the Janazah prayer No Qur’an recitation, ruku, sajdah or sitting in Janazah prayer Can be performed after fard of Fajr or Asr Should not be performed in other prohibited times (sunrise, sunset and zenith) Deceased must be a Muslim Janazah prayer should not be prayed over certain people Janazah prayer does not need to be in congregation

Janazah Prayer One does not make du’a of forgiveness in the Janazah prayer (after 3 rd takbir) for a child or insane person Because they are sinless Instead, du’a is made to seek blessing through them A baby in whom the sign of life was seen or heard but died immediately Will be named, washed, wrapped in shroud, prayed over and buried Prayer is not offered for still-born child

Burial Recommended to move reasonably fast when carrying the body for burial Preferable to walk behind the procession Disliked to make dhikr/recite Qur’an out loud while following May make dhikr silently, or remain silent Disliked to sit before the casket is lowered into grave Grave should be dug the height of a body At least half a body Can be dug as lahd (an L-shape in the ground) or shaqq (straight down)

Burial The one lowering the body says: “In the name of Allah, and on the way of the Messenger of Allah” Body is directed toward qiblah while on its right side Knots of the shroud are untied Mustahabb to hold sheet over the top of the grave for a woman while body is being placed in it Grave will be covered with pieces of bamboo, thin wooden planks or raw bricks, then soil poured over it Mustahabb to start feet-first with men, head-first with women

Burial Those present should throw three handfuls of dirt into the grave, with each handful saying: “From it (the earth) We created you” “And to it We will return you” “And from it We will raise you once again” – Qur’an 20:55

Burial After dirt is poured into grave, should be rounded on its top with an elevation of a hand’s span or more, resembling the hump of a camel Recommended to recite Qur’an and make du’a for the deceased Surah Al-Baqarah, verses 1-5, at the head Surah Al-Baqarah, verses , at the feet

Burial A casket should not be used in the grave Unless required by law Haram to build on the grave for adornment Permissible to place bricks/stones on top to prevent grave from being desecrated Visiting graveyard is a sunnah Should greet the decased, recite Qur’an and supplicate for the deceased Careful to not step on or over any graves

Martyr A martyr (shahid)is one who is killed by enemy combatants, rebels or highway brigands, robbers in one’s house, or unjustly by a Muslim with a sharp object A martyr will not be washed Will be buried with his blood and in his clothes Janazah prayer will be performed over him in this state Unless he/she was in a state of major ritual impurity upon death

Questions?