How Does Smart Growth Impact Climate Change Emissions? Bay Area Air Quality Management District Advisory Councils Air Quality Planning Committee 11 April 2007 Dr. John Holtzclaw Chair, Sierra Club Transportation Committee Consultant: NRDC
3 Hh/Res Acre (Courtesy City of Portland)
Community Transformation courtesy Steve Price Transform only main street - San Pablo Ave in El Cerrito, CA As Shown Census Tract Avg. C T Before Transf. No Parking 60 hh/res ac 15 hh/res ac 9 hh/res ac Surface Parking 30 hh/res ac 12 hh/res ac 9 hh/res ac (census tract is 8 x 10 blocks)
San Francisco North Beach Paul and Tira 90 Hh/Res Acre Backyard, No parking
San Francisco - North Beach 90 Hh/Res Ac Underground parking
San Francisco West of Union Square 3 x 4 block zone 7 live theatres, fine hotels, cafes and markets 1 to 36 stories, mostly stories Hh/Res Ac 15% of land residential limited parking
San Francisco West of Union Square 3 x 4 block zone 7 live theatres, fine hotels, cafes and markets 1 to 36 stories, mostly stories Hh/Res Ac 15% of land residential limited parking
Housing sales prices$295/ft 2 $407/ft 2 $1,858/ft 2 higher Ann lbs CO 2 emissions/capita 14,
Location Efficient Mortgage LEM research Institute for Location Efficiency Center for Neighborhood Technology (Chicago) Natural Resources Defense Council Surface Transportation Policy Project
LEM Research Nearly 3000 neighborhoods (TAZs) Chicago, LA and San Francisco metro areas How do: densities (3 measures) shopping proximity public transit ped/bike (grid, short, narrow, sidewalks, setbacks) family income family size impact: vehicles (census data) VMT (odometer readings from smog checks -- total driving, not just commutes)
Annual Household Driving – San Francisco
Collateral Benefits of Compact Development Saving building materials, heating & cooling energy, and water cuts energy use and pollution (Phillips & Gnaizda, CoEvolution Quarterly, Summer 1980)
urban infill (100 units/res acre) sprawl
urban infill (100 units/res acre) sprawl
The Cool Cities Pledge, originally called the U.S. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement, states:... C. We will strive to meet or exceed Kyoto Protocol targets for reducing global warming pollution by taking actions in our own operations and communities such as: 1. Inventory global warming emissions Adopt and enforce land-use policies that reduce sprawl, preserve open space, and create compact, walkable urban communities; 3. Promote transportation options such as bicycle trails, commute trip reduction programs, incentives for car pooling and public transit;...