INTRO TO BASIC WEATHERIZATION

Goal of Basic Training

WV Weatherization Program Mission To reduce the energy costs for low-income families, particularly for the elderly, people with disabilities, and children, by improving the energy efficiency of their homes while ensuring their health and safety.

Focus of the Program Save energy dollars for the client Save energy dollars for the client Give the client more disposable income Give the client more disposable income Better afford necessities of life Better afford necessities of life Improve standard of living Improve standard of living Improve environment - green Improve environment - green

How are we funded? US Department of Energy & WV DHHR Governors Office of Economic Opportunity Community Action Agencies Low-Income Client

Professionalism Be considerate of clients and their property Be considerate of clients and their property You represent the agency You represent the agency Keep job site organized, clean, safe and lead safe Keep job site organized, clean, safe and lead safe Neat and clean in appearance Neat and clean in appearance Smoking in designated areas only, cigarette butts in trash Smoking in designated areas only, cigarette butts in trash Clean up at end of day Clean up at end of day

Typical Home Energy Costs

Building Science - THE BASICS Hot moves to cold. 1 cfm out = 1 cfm in Air takes path of least resistance. Air flows from high pressure to low pressure.

Building Science - THE BASICS The movement of heat through or between solid objects that touch each other. Insulation restricts the flow of heat by conduction.

Building Science - THE BASICS The transfer of heat caused by the actual movement of air or water. Warm air rises-cold air falls.

Building Science - THE BASICS The movement of heat waves through space from one object to another. This occurs in the summer when the sun strikes a roof and then radiates heat to the attic floor.

Building Science - THE BASICS The uncontrolled flow of air into and out of a home through air leaks. By caulking, sealing and weather stripping holes and cracks a savings of up to 30% can be realized.

Building Science - THE BASICS Infiltrationexfiltration Infiltration & exfiltration

Types of Infiltration Stack (chimney) effect – Warm air rises pulling cold air into lower portion of house. Wind-driven – Wind blows cold air into home. Wind-driven – Wind blows cold air into home. Mechanical driven – A result of exhaust fans, combustion appliances or air handlers. Mechanical driven – A result of exhaust fans, combustion appliances or air handlers.

House as a System The need to control air, heat, moisture! Interaction between clients, building components and mechanical systems Health and Safety first Health and Safety first Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Building Tightness Limits (BTL) Building Tightness Limits (BTL) Moisture/mold Moisture/mold Structure durability Structure durability Carbon Monoxide Carbon Monoxide Balance of comfort and HVAC efficiency Balance of comfort and HVAC efficiency

Air Sealing Diagnostics DG 700 Pressure Gauge Fan Controller Membrane Adjustable Frame Fan Red Hose Fan cfm’s Green Hose House Pa

Blower Door Configuration

Blower Door Set home to winter conditions Set home to winter conditions Turn off all fans and HVAC equipment Turn off all fans and HVAC equipment Depressurize house to –50 pascals Depressurize house to –50 pascals Record (pre, daily, post) WX blower door reading Record (pre, daily, post) WX blower door reading Set target range – BTL, upper limit Set target range – BTL, upper limit Utilize BD to identify leakage areas Utilize BD to identify leakage areas Air seal the largest leaks first Air seal the largest leaks first - primary and secondary - primary and secondary Air seal into lower part of target range Air seal into lower part of target range

Whole House Depressurization

Building Shell Losses

Goal of Basic Training

Analyze

Evaluate ? ? ? Work smarter, Not harder!

Health & Safety Considerations Ambient Air Testing Lead Safe WX (LSW) Lead Safe WX (LSW) Mold - Moisture Mold - Moisture Carbon Monoxide (CO) Testing Carbon Monoxide (CO) Testing Draft Draft Unsanitary Conditions-Sewer Leaks Unsanitary Conditions-Sewer Leaks Code Compliance Code Compliance

Define Pressure & Insulation Boundaries

Air Sealing Benefits Reduces Energy Costs – represents 5 – 40% of heating costs Extends life of home Extends life of home Reduces moisture mitigation into building cavities Reduces moisture mitigation into building cavities Protects insulation thermal resistance Protects insulation thermal resistance Reduces drafts Reduces drafts Increases comfort Increases comfort Reduces greenhouse gas emissions Reduces greenhouse gas emissions

Insulation Benefits Reduces energy costs – Heating & Cooling Increases comfort Increases comfort Reduces outside noise Reduces outside noise Reduces Infiltration – dense pack Reduces Infiltration – dense pack Reduces greenhouse gas emissions Reduces greenhouse gas emissions

AIR (PRESSURE) BARRIER + INSULATION BARRIER = THERMAL BOUNDARIES Insulation and pressure boundaries should be the same and be continuous. Air-leakage locations

Define Air & Insulation Boundaries

air seal attic prior to insulating ! Attics leak around penetrations: pipes, chimneys, electric wires, light fixtures, etc.

Air leaks - Where to look? Electrical penetrations Around chimneys Seal with non combustible sheet metal and high temperature caulk

Air leaks - Where to look? Balloon frame walls Top plate of walls

Recessed light fixtures Air leaks - Where to look? Drop down steps or attic hatches Cover with fire resistant drywall or sheet-metal enclosures

Air leaks - Where to look? HVAC Ductwork or flue penetrations Bottom of knee walls

Air leaks - Where to look? Plumbing Penetrations Expanding foam is an alternative for gaps too large for caulk (>1/4”)

Air leaks - Where to look? Power Entrance Wire Marriage Wall in Double Wide

Attic Insulation AIR SEAL ATTIC  AIR SEAL ATTIC Install insulation dam Mark and cover electrical junction boxes Mark and cover electrical junction boxes Install attic venting – high/low pattern Install attic venting – high/low pattern Insulate/air seal interior attic hatch Insulate/air seal interior attic hatch Insulate to R-38, based on coverage chart Insulate to R-38, based on coverage chart Continuous over all conditioned spaces Continuous over all conditioned spaces

Attic Insulation Electrical junction markers Even Even coverage to R38 Even Even coverage to R38 Dam

Dense Pack Wall Insulation Wall assessment – Inspect wall for evidence of moisture damage, knob-and-tube wiring, gaps, lead, asbestos, pocket doors and strength of construction Options – Interior, exterior, siding removal Options – Interior, exterior, siding removal Where possible, remove siding and drill through sheathing. When replaced it must be weatherproofed Where possible, remove siding and drill through sheathing. When replaced it must be weatherproofed Sidewall plugs (compatible) must be caulked and primed Sidewall plugs (compatible) must be caulked and primed

Dense Pack Wall Insulation Drill pattern should be uniform and provide even coverage above windows and doors.Drill pattern should be uniform and provide even coverage above windows and doors. Probe walls to identify cavity, fire breaks or other obstructions.Probe walls to identify cavity, fire breaks or other obstructions. Seal balloon frame constructed walls at top & bottom prior to insulatingSeal balloon frame constructed walls at top & bottom prior to insulating.

Dense Pack Wall Insulation

Remove Siding Drill Probe Cavity

Dense Pack Wall Insulation Install fiberglass insulation plug or foam bottom and top of Balloon Frame Walls prior to insulation

Knee Wall Insulation Seal base of knee wallSeal base of knee wall If needed, remove attic flooring to allow for air sealingIf needed, remove attic flooring to allow for air sealing Insulate wall area to R19 fiberglass or dense packInsulate wall area to R19 fiberglass or dense pack Air seal and insulate roof rafter combinationAir seal and insulate roof rafter combination Insulate collar beam areaInsulate collar beam area –R38 and vent –Or fill cavity

Knee Wall Access Access must be width of knee wall stud cavity by 24” highAccess must be width of knee wall stud cavity by 24” high If unreasonable to provide permanent access to all knee wall areas, the attic and/or knee wall area must be inspected by a PWI. Insulation must be adequately documented in the client file with photo documentation.If unreasonable to provide permanent access to all knee wall areas, the attic and/or knee wall area must be inspected by a PWI. Insulation must be adequately documented in the client file with photo documentation. If there are no interior accesses, at least one exterior access to each attic space shall be left for inspection purposes.If there are no interior accesses, at least one exterior access to each attic space shall be left for inspection purposes. Access shall be weather stripped and insulated to the same R-value as the knee wall. At least one latch shall be installed to ensure air tightness.Access shall be weather stripped and insulated to the same R-value as the knee wall. At least one latch shall be installed to ensure air tightness.

Floor Insulation – Defining Boundaries Pg. 95 Air seal floor if basement or crawl space is determined outside the thermal boundary Air seal floor if basement or crawl space is determined outside the thermal boundary Air seal band joist and foundation if floor is determined to be inside the thermal boundary Air seal band joist and foundation if floor is determined to be inside the thermal boundary

Floor Insulation AIR SEAL AIR SEAL Insulate to R19 Insulate to R19 Netting is the preferred method Netting is the preferred method Install insulation with vapor barrier towards conditioned space Install 6 mil black ground vapor barrier over entire crawl space Install 6 mil black ground vapor barrier over entire crawl space

Ducts and Pipes When floor insulation is installed, ductwork below the floor insulation must be appropriately sealed and insulated When floor insulation is installed, ductwork below the floor insulation must be appropriately sealed and insulated Ducts must sealed and insulated to a minimum of R6 Ducts must sealed and insulated to a minimum of R6 Water pipes must also be insulated Water pipes must also be insulated

Duct Sealing  Test with pressure pan to determine leakage of duct. -the higher the reading, the leakier the duct - goal is total sum of 0 – 3pa  Always seal and insulate ducts/pipes that are outside the thermal boundary

Ductwork - SEALING & INSULATING Test for air leaks Look for disconnects or gaps

Ductwork - SEALING & INSULATING Inspect for leakage locations

Ductwork -SEALING & INSULATING Clean Apply mastic & fiber tape (if necessary)

Ductwork Address supply and return side

Baseload  The energy used by electric or gas appliances that is not related to space heating or cooling is called baseload energy.  Baseload includes: lighting, refrigeration, water heating, cooking, and electronics.  All measures must prove a Savings-to- investment ratio (SIR) greater than 1.

Baseload  Refrigerator – Must test for a minimum of two hours utilizing the Watts-up meter.  Water Heater:  Water heater wrap – set temperature to  Pipe insulation – first 3 feet of cold, all hot  Low flow – 20 sec. test in gallon jug, replace. 2.5 or less  Compact fluorescent lights – installed in fixtures where lights are used for more than 2 hours a day. CFL’s use up to 75% less than incandescent lights.

Governors Office of Economic Opportunity Program Specialist’s Contact Numbers Stacy Keys TESC Cell Danny Neely TESC Cell Lyn M. Bartges GOEO Ext Cell Rich Courtney NRO Cell Earnie Kuhn GOEO Ext Cell