ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE المبني للمعلوم والمبني للمجهول

Subject verb object (active) object verb subject (passive) Study this example: Everybody drinks water. (active) Water is drunk by everybody. (passive)

في الجمل المبنية للمعلوم يقوم الفاعل بالفعل SOME IMPORTANT HINTS In sentences written in active voice, the subject performs the action expressed in the verb; the subject acts. في الجمل المبنية للمعلوم يقوم الفاعل بالفعل I saw a good film .

The car was painted yesterday. In sentences written in passive voice, the subject receives the action expressed in the verb; the subject is acted upon. The agent performing the action may appear in a "by the . . ." phrase or may be omitted. في الجمل المبنية للمجهول يتقدم المفعول به ليصبح نائب فاعل ( الذي قام بالفعل محذوف ) The car was painted yesterday.

am, is, was, were, are, or been. + P.P. You can recognize passive-voice expressions because the verb phrase will always include a form of be, such as am, is, was, were, are, or been. + P.P. The presence of a be-verb, however, does not necessarily mean that the sentence is in passive voice. Another way to recognize passive-voice sentences is that they may include a "by the...“ phrase after the verb; The agent performing the action, if named, is the object of the preposition in this phrase.

Choosing Active Voice In most nonscientific writing situations, active voice is preferable to passive for the majority of your sentences. يستحسن استخدام الجمل المبنية للمجهول في الكتابات العلمية والجمل المبنية للمعلوم في غيرها

1. The message was written by Ahmed. (passive) Ahmed wrote the message . (active) 2. The ball has been pumped. (passive) I have pumped the ball. (active)

Choosing Passive Voice Passive voice makes sense when the agent performing the action is obvious, unimportant, or unknown or when a writer wishes to postpone mentioning the agent until the last part of the sentence or to avoid mentioning the agent at all. The passive voice is effective in such circumstances because it highlights the action and what is acted upon rather than the agent performing the action. يصبح استخدام المبني للمجهول الزاميا عندما يكون الفاعل مجهولا او غير مهم

Cotton is grown in Egypt.

Changing active to passive If you want to change an active-voice sentence to passive voice, consider carefully who or what is performing the action expressed in the verb, and then make that agent the object of a "by the..." phrase. Make what is acted upon the subject of the sentence, and change the verb to a form of be + past participle.  في حالة تغيير الجملة من المبني للمعلوم الى المبني للمجهول يجب تعيين المفعول به ليصبح نائب فاعل ثم يصاغ الفعل من :احد افعال الكينونة + التصريف الثالث للفعل.

1. The book is being read by my sister. My sister is reading the book. في حالة تغيير الجملة من المبني للمجهول الى المبني للمعلوم يجب تعيين الفاعل ثم تغيير ما يلزم تغييره في الفعل حسب الزمن مع استنتاج الفاعل الاصلي للفعل . 1. The book is being read by my sister. My sister is reading the book. 2. The papers will be corrected. Our teacher will correct the papers.

Click on Active or Passive. Active or Passive Quiz Click on Active or Passive. 1 I ate a piece of chocolate cake. Active Passive

The teacher read the book to the students. 2 The teacher read the book to the students. Active Passive

3 The car was stolen. Active Passive

They are paid on Fridays. 4 They are paid on Fridays. Active Passive

The movie is being made in Algeria. 5 The movie is being made in Algeria. Active Passive

I washed my car three weeks ago. 6 I washed my car three weeks ago. Active Passive

His hair was cut by a professional. 7 His hair was cut by a professional. Active Passive

I will introduce you to him this week. 8 I will introduce you to him this week. Active Passive

He has been paid on the weekend. 9 He has been paid on the weekend. Active Passive

It is being painted by our teacher. 10 It is being painted by our teacher. Active Passive

Examples from the Baccalaureate

Complete sentence (b) so that it means the same as sentence (a). a. Everyday we see something new in the papers. b. Something …………………… new is seen in the papers every day.

are taught at home by some parents. a. Some parents teach their children at home. b. Some children ……………… are taught at home by some parents.

is gained from various sources by people. a. People gain knowlege from various sources. b. Knowlege……………… is gained from various sources by people.

have been driven mad by athletic shoes. a. Athletic shoes have driven teenagers mad. b. Teenagers ……………………… have been driven mad by athletic shoes.

are often spent on advertisements. a. Manufacturers often spend large sums of money on advertisements. b. Large sums of money ................. are often spent on advertisements.

will be eradicated by researchers. a. Medical research will eradicate many diseases. b. Many diseases … will be eradicated by researchers.

Finish