Passive vs. Active Voice

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Presentation transcript:

Passive vs. Active Voice Copyright 2012 Art Fricke Passive vs. Active Voice Engl 2311

What is “voice” and why should you care? Copyright 2012 Art Fricke What is “voice” and why should you care? Some detailed explanation for what grammatical “voice” is, why y’all often use awkward passive voice sentences, and how to edit this effectively. This slideshow will help you if: You get a lot of “awk” or especially “awk pass” comments on your writing.

ACTIVE and PASSIVE Voice Copyright 2012 Art Fricke ACTIVE and PASSIVE Voice “Voice” indicates the relation of the subject to the action of the verb SomeTHING is ACTING on someTHING SUBJECT / ACTION / OBJECT Jack Bauer defeated the evil president. Voice can be active or passive

In active voice: The subject is CLEARLY doing the action Copyright 2012 Art Fricke In active voice: The subject is CLEARLY doing the action The subject is emphasized more than the object The subject MUST be stated Ex: The students listened carefully to the lecture.

In passive voice: The subject sounds like it is being acted upon Copyright 2012 Art Fricke In passive voice: The subject sounds like it is being acted upon The subject takes a back seat to the object The object MUST be stated Ex: The lecture was listened to carefully by the students.

Some more examples: Active Jack defeated the evil President. Passive Copyright 2012 Art Fricke Some more examples: Active Jack defeated the evil President. Subject: Jack Necessary to the action: HECK YES! Passive The evil President was defeated by Jack. Necessary to the action: not really

How to identify ACTIVE & PASSIVE voice Copyright 2012 Art Fricke How to identify ACTIVE & PASSIVE voice Find the main action in the sentence Find the main subject that’s doing the main action No main subject? The sentence is passive voice! Cut out the main subject and read out loud Complete sentence? The sentence is passive voice! Incomplete sentence? The sentence is active voice!

WHY passive voice is awkward Copyright 2012 Art Fricke WHY passive voice is awkward Passive NOT GOOD for emphasizing subject The terrorist threat was defeated. (by Jack). Passive generally makes writing LESS CLEAR Jack Bauer shouldn’t be threatened. (by what?) One shouldn’t threaten Jack Bauer. (“one”=who?) The evil president shouldn’t threaten Jack. (A-HA!)

To emphasize the performer (subject) of the action, USE ACTIVE VOICE. Copyright 2012 Art Fricke When to use which voice? To emphasize the performer (subject) of the action, USE ACTIVE VOICE. To write in everyday conversational language, USE ACTIVE VOICE. To hide the performer (subject) of the action or to emphasize the receiver (object) of the action, use the passive voice.

Rule of Thumb Generally, always use ACTIVE VOICE Copyright 2012 Art Fricke Rule of Thumb Generally, always use ACTIVE VOICE active voice conveys MORE INFORMATION active voice uses FEWER WORDS active voice is HOW PEOPLE NORMALLY TALK ONLY use passive voice for a VERY GOOD reason for ex, if you want to DE-EMPHASIZE, HIDE, or DON’T KNOW information

ONE reason to use PASSIVE voice: Copyright 2012 Art Fricke ONE reason to use PASSIVE voice: Reason #1 You want to emphasize the object (receiver) of the action more than the performer. Example: Kristen was presented with an award. (by the president.) The president presented Kristen with an award.

TWO reason to use PASSIVE voice: Copyright 2012 Art Fricke TWO reason to use PASSIVE voice: Reason #2 You want to hide the subject (performer) of the action. Example: The cable was broken. (by our group of engineers.) Our group of engineers broke the cable.

THREE reason to use PASSIVE voice: Copyright 2012 Art Fricke THREE reason to use PASSIVE voice: Reason #3 You simply don’t know who the performer is or was. Example: The cave was discovered in 1929. Someone discovered the cave in 1929.

Practice Change these to the opposite voice: Copyright 2012 Art Fricke Practice Change these to the opposite voice: The “Bauer 9i” program was released by Oracle today. The test was failed by half the engineering students.

Practice Change these to the opposite voice: Copyright 2012 Art Fricke Practice Change these to the opposite voice: The instructor wrote the lecture. The president reported that the weapons were not found.