What’s in Ch. 49 ? I. IMPERSONAL VERBS (page 167)  To translate most impersonal verbs, use “it” to translate into English. Ex.: ningit = it is snowing  Many Latin impersonal verbs are not used impersonally in English: me oportet = I ought  most commonly govern the accusative or dative case of the person. mihi licet = I may  impersonal verbs often take a complementary infinitive. II. Intransitive verbs in the passive (page 168)  Intransitive verbs must be used impersonally in the passive  Verbs of motion in the passive impersonal  you must supply a subject from the context  Verbs which take the dative are used impersonally in the passive: mihi persuadetur = I am persuaded.  P.S. The genders of 3 rd Declension nouns (page 169) Caesar Augustus (page 97)

dēleō, dēlēre, dēlēvī, dēlētus/a/um = to destroy cōnfirmō, cōnfirmāre, cōnfirmāvī, cōnfirmātus/a/um = to strengthen, encourage cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cesssus/a/um = to yield, give way to (+ dative) restituō, restituere, restituī, restitūtus/a/um = to restore adiciō, adicere, adiēcī, adiectus/a/um = to add to minor, minārī, minātus sum = to threaten (+ dative) assequor, assequī, assecūtus sum = to pursue, catch up, attain iuvō, iuvāre, iūvī, iūtus/a/um = to help; to please; often used impersonally: mē iuvat, iuvāre, mē iūvit + ACCUSATIVE + infinitive = it delights me licet, licēre, licuit + DATIVE + infinitive = it is allowed, permitted opportet, opportēre, opportuit + ACCUSATIVE + infinitive = it behooves  one ought to placet, placēre, placuit + DATIVE + infinitive = it pleases  to decide mihi placet = it pleases me or I decide taedet, taedēre, taeduit, taesum est + ACCUSATIVE of the person bored + GENITIVE of the thing/person that is boring + infinitive = it bores mē taedet ludī = I am bored of school or school bores me accidit, accidere, accidit, _____ + DATIVE + ut = (it) happens (impersonal) The Short List for this chapter’s vocab:

prōvincia, prōvinciae F. = province exsilium, exsiliī N. = exile saeculum, saeculī N. = generation, age aetās, aetātis F = age gēns, gentis F = race, people cōnsēnsus, cōnsēnsus M. = agreement fās (indeclinable) N. = right (especially divine or moral right, as opposed to legal right) nēfās (indeclinable) N. = wrong, crime (especially divine or moral crime, as opposed to legal crime or scelus) quis? = who?, quid? = what? (This is used in questions) quis, quis, quid = anyone, anything (short for aliquis, aliquis, aliquid) “after sī, nisi, num and nē, all the “ali’s drop away.” barbarus, barbara, barbarum = barbarian ūniversī, ūniversae, ūniversa = all validus, valida, validum = strong, healthy ultrā + ACCUSATIVE = beyond quasi = as if

I. Impersonal verbs (definition) : 2. Give at least 6 examples of impersonal verbs + their meanings: “it is raining” = “it is snowing” = “it was shining” = “it is thundering” = 3. What is the impersonal ending on perfect participles? Give 3+ Examples:

4. Accusative : give 4+ examples of impersonal verbs that take the accusative of the person (+ infinitive): 5. Dative : give 3+ examples of impersonal verbs that take the dative of the person (+ infinitive):

6. Impersonal verbs are often followed by an (Select: interjection / infinitive / imperative / relative clause of purpose), and if the impersonal verb is a “verb of the head” they will often introduce ! (Select: brain damage / malware / indirect statement / relative clause of characteristic)

Octaviānō placuit in Oriente morārī. 2. necesse erat prōvinciās praesidiīs cōnfīrmāre. 3. tandem eī licuit Romam redīre. 4. omnēs cīvēs bellōrum cīvīlium taeduit.

quandō nōbīs licēbat pāce fruī ? 6. nōs oportet Octaviānō pārēre, quod pācem populō Romānō restituit. 7. Maecēnatem iuvābat poētās fovēre.

Quintum urbis strepitūs taedēbat. 9. Maecēnātī placuit Quintō fundum dare. 10. Quintum oportuit Rōmam redīre sed eī placuit in fundō manēre.

RULE : Intransitive verbs must be used impersonally in the passive. II. What is an intransitive verb? Explain: 2. Explain the rule given above & give an example from Latin: 3. Translate: Ferōciter pugnātur: Ferōciter pugnātum est:

4. Another related idea: Verbs of motion can be used impersonally in the passive: Verbs of motion (go, come, run, arrive, etc) can be used impersonally in the passive, BUT (1) translate them in the ACTIVE voice & (2) supply a subject form context. [they make no sense in the English passive] EXAMPLE: Ad silvam itur = They/we/you’ll* come to the forest. (*supply subject from the context) TRANSLATE: Ad silvam itum est = Ad silvam ibitur = per viās errātum est. = undique concurritur = undique concursum est = in eandem speluncam venitur = in eandem speluncam ventum est =

RULE : Verbs that take the dative case (in the active) become Impersonal verbs in the passive Example : captīvīs parcitur = it is being spared to the captives  “the captives are being spared.” Translate: 1.captīvīs parsum est = 2. mihi persuādētur = 3. tibi persuāsum est =

4. Cleopātrae imperābitur = 5. Cleopātrae imperātum erat = 6. tibi ignōscētur = 7. vōbīs ignōtum est =

Antoniō nuntiātum est Octaviānum omnibus cum copiīs in Aegyptum prōgredī. 2. eī placuit prope Alexandrīam proelium committere.

terrā marīque ferociter pugnātum est; tandem tamen Antoniī copiae fugerent. 4. omnibus captivīs ab Octaviānō parsum est.

Octavianī copiae Alexandrīam progressae sunt. ubi in urbem ventum est, nuntium ad Cleopatram mīsit. 6. Cleopatrae imperātum est ut turrem relinqueret.

nuntius ‘si te dedideris,’ inquit, ‘tibi ignoscētur.’ 8. sed eī non persuāsum est ut sē dederet.

49.3 Translate the following into Latin, using impersonal verbs for the phrases in bold. 1.We set out at the first hour and hurried into the hills; before midday we reached the top of the mountain. 2. We decided (= it was pleasing to us) to wait there for two hours.

49.3 Translate the following into Latin, using impersonal verbs for the phrases in bold. 3. But we were not allowed to rest for long. 4. For a shepherd warned us not to delay, and we were persuaded to descend at once.

49.3 Translate the following into Latin, using impersonal verbs for the phrases in bold. 5. It was a long and difficult journey, and before we reached home, I was tired of the mountains. 6. It irked most people to sit around the tree.

More Sentence Practice (Put translations in your composition book): 1.scelus istud faterī tibi necesse est. (fateor, fatērī, fessus sum = admit) 2. necesse est (ut) scelus istud fateāris. (fateor, fatērī, fessus sum = admit) 3. oportēbat nos abīre quod orationem Catilinae audīre nolēbāmus. 4. nōnne licebit Caesāri de hīs rēbus sententiam dīcere?

More Sentence Practice (Put translations in your composition book): 5. me ipsum amēs oportet. (= oportet ut me ipsum amēs.) 6.sapiēns scit omnes homines perīre necesse est. 7. fīlium exspectāre oportet dum redeat pater. 8. tāle mihi liceat carmen scrībere quāle omnes laudābant. (tāle…quāle = such…as)

More Sentence Practice (Put translations in your composition book): 9. nocte in templum īre nōn licitum est. (licet, licebat, licebit, licitum erat) 10. honestus sīs omnibus rēbus necesse erit. (supply ut with sīs) 11. licetne ut consul fiat iste homo? (= licetne istī hominī fierī consulī?) 12. poēta in exsilium pulsus ōrābat ut Rōmam redīre licēret.

More Sentence Practice (Put translations in your composition book): 13. poēta in exsilium pulsus ōrat ut Rōmam redīre liceat. 14. Bellum aut nōn gerī aut conficī quam primum oportet. 15. Caesaris maximē intererat quid in provinciā fieret. 16. fratris me quidem pudet pigetque. Tēne eius misēret?

More Sentence Practice (Put translations in your composition book): 17. nos misērēbat omnium hominum servitute oppressōrum. 18. cuius cīvis non refert Catilinam sine morā interfici? (refert = it is important/ it concerns) 19. nihilne putās referre utrum cadat res publica necne? 20. nonne intellegis multum interesse scelus faterī. (see above)

More Sentence Practice (Put translations in your composition book): 21. quod ē proeliō fugi me pudēbat. 22. mē nōn paenitēbat facere idem quod tu. 23. numquam tuī oblivīscar nec mē pigēbit nostri amōris meminisse. 24. dīc mihi pudeatnē te tuī sceleris necne.

The gender of 3 rd declension nouns -er type Ch. 49/P.S. o Most 3 rd declension nouns ending in –er in the nominative singular are masculine o Exceptions: māter (F.), mulier (F.), linter (F.), iter (N.), vēr (N.) The gender of 3 rd declension nouns -or/-ōs type Ch. 49/P.S. o Most 3 rd declension nouns ending in -or/- ōs in the nominative singular are masculine o Exceptions: soror (F.), uxor (F.), arbor/arbōs (F.), cor (N.), aequor (N.) The gender of 3 rd declension nouns -iō type Ch. 49/P.S. o Most 3 rd declension nouns ending in -iō in the nominative singular are feminine o Exceptions: centuriō (M.), decuriō (M.)

The gender of 3 rd declension nouns -ās type Ch. 49/P.S. o All 3 rd declension nouns ending in -ās in the nominative singular are feminine o Exceptions: gigās “giant” (M.) The gender of 3 rd declension nouns -ūdō type Ch. 49/P.S. o All 3 rd declension nouns ending in -ūdō in the nominative singular are feminine The gender of 3 rd declension nouns -e/-us/-en type Ch. 49/P.S. o ALL 3 rd declension nouns ending in –e/- us/-en in the nominative singular are NEUTER Examples: mare (sea), genus (race), corpus (body, stercus (dung), flūmen (river), lumen (light)

Finis